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III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta

III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta vascular system of phloem and xylem. III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta Silurian – 440 mya vascular system of phloem and xylem “tracheids” in sporophytes - water and nutrient distribution.

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III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta

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  1. III. Plant Diversity • B. Tracheophyte Origins • 1. The Rhyniophyta • vascular system of phloem and xylem

  2. III. Plant Diversity • B. Tracheophyte Origins • 1. The Rhyniophyta • Silurian – 440 mya • vascular system of phloem and xylem • “tracheids” in sporophytes • - water and nutrient distribution

  3. Gymnosperms Angiosperms

  4. III. Plant Diversity • B. Tracheophyte Origins • 1. The Rhyniophyta • vascular system of phloem and xylem • “tracheids” in sporophytes • - water and nutrient distribution • - lignin and support

  5. III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 4. Life History: simple (primitive) - Homospory

  6. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes (Club Mosses)

  7. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) - ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya Lepidodendron - 45m -Carboniferous

  8. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) - ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya - simple leaves

  9. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) - ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya - simple leaves - Dominant Sporophyte (with stobili)

  10. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)

  11. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Ferns “and their allies”

  12. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Ferns “and their allies” - true complex leaves

  13. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 1. Ferns “and their allies” - true complex leaves - true roots

  14. III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed Tracheophytes 2. Ferns “and their allies” - true complex leaves - true roots - also ancient; appearing 350 mya - dominant sporophyte; reduced gametophyte

  15. Fern Life Cycle:

  16. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes - heterospory

  17. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes - heterospory - seeds: lipid-rich endosperm packaged with the zygote

  18. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 1. General Characteristics - heterospory - seeds: lipid-rich endosperm packaged with the zygote -pollen: - no more swimming sperm!!

  19. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 2. Gymnosperms – “naked seed” a. Evolutionary History - dominated during Permian (280 mya) and through Mesozoic, and still dominate in dry env. Today (high latitudes, sandy soils)

  20. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 2. Gymnosperms – “naked seed” a. Evolutionary History - dominated during Permian (280 mya) and through Mesozoic, and still dominate in dry env. Today (high latitudes, sandy soils) b. Diversity - cycads - ginko - Gnetales - conifers

  21. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes

  22. Gymnosperm Life Cycle

  23. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 3. Angiosperms – “flowering plants” - double fertilization - triploid endosperm

  24. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 3. Angiosperms - double fertilization - triploid endosperm - fruits - flowers Both serve to bribe animals to disperse either Pollen or seeds NON-RANDOMLY. More likely to end up in a similar habitat.

  25. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 3. Angiosperms - Angiosperm History

  26. III. Plant Diversity D. Seed Tracheophytes 3. Angiosperms - Angiosperm History - Diversity - evolutionary trends: primitive derived insect pollinated wind pollinated terrestrial aquatic “woody” herbaceous

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