Obj. How did Britain gain power on the Indian subcontinent ?

1. Obj. How did Britain gain power on the Indian subcontinent? ABOARD Assessment Expectations: Time: 7:00 Mins Remain Silent during the Assessment • Cornell Notes • Decline of Mughal & Rise of British East India 1700’s-1800’s • British East India Company & Sepoy Rebellion 1857-1858 • New British colonial Rule 1858-1900’s • Imperial changes and contiuities

2. Announcements • DBQ Due tomorrow: MAKE SURE YOU WRITE ABOUT THE PROMPT • SOCRATIC SEMINAR Friday • ABOARD Assessment Make up points

3. Decline of Mughal & Rise of British East India 1700’s- 1840’s • Following the intolerant policies of Aurangzeb, many local Hindu princes gained power over Mughal authorities as India became more decentralize • After fighting wars with theFrenchfor territory: • Numerous Hindu princes made alliances with British officials from the ***British East India company in order fight off rival princes • **** Private trading company

4. British East India Company & Sepoy Rebellion 1857-1858 • To enforce their rule the (BEIC) hired a large number of local Indians, trained by the British to rule over local populations • The Sepoys soon found common reason to revolt when British military officers forced the Hindu//Muslim soldiers to eat animal fat (which went against their religion)

5. New British colonial Rule 1858-1900’s • In order to quell the rebellion, BEIC had to beg for reinforcements from the British military • After a year of brutal fighting the British military soon establish rule over India, naming Queen Victoria as empress • Nicknamed India “Crown Jewel” because of its : Size, resources, and location

6. The Major Changes and Continuities Kept the caste system in place Allowed Hinduism/Islam Allowed local leaders to maintain some power in their regions Continued using a large number of Indians for military service *** Random fact more Indians died in WWI than Americans British officials took control over foreign policies Increase agriculture Built schools and transportation Eliminated the practice of Sati

7. How did European powers administer their new territories? • Read pg.583 and pg. 585 from the STERNS AP book • Analyze the different strategies the Europeans used to administer colonies “Divide and Conquer” “Exploit cultural, ethnic, religious rivals” “Intensified rivalries and conflict” “Prevent Local Rebellions” “Westernize the Indian youth” “Prevent an African Middle Class”

9. Obj. What factors led to Imperialism within Africa? • Cornell Notes • Pre- Imperialism Africa • Dr. Livingstone and Stanley exploration 1860’s • Draw the chart!-- • Berlin Conference & Scramble for Africa 1885 • Social Darwinism and attitudes towards Africa

10. Announcements • SOCRATIC SEMINAR Friday • ABOARD Assessment Make up points

11. Announcements • Homework Due: Wednesday • SOCRATIC SEMINAR Friday • ABOARD Assessment Make up points

12. #3 European Territories • You have 3 minutes to use the map to write the new territories that Europe gained • Pg.579

13. Pre-Imperialism Africa until 1870 • Prior to 1871 the Europeans limited their colonization to the exterior portions of Africa in order to conduct slave trade • Following the end of the slave trading era, European still conducted coastal trading, however much of the interior remained unexplored

14. Dr. David Livingstone and Stanley Exploration • Dr. David Livingstone became one of the first to explore the interior of Africa. His goal was bring Christianity to Africa, help with medical needs, and map-out the interior. • In a search for Dr. Livingstone, Henry Stanley began exploring central Africa and soon convinced the Belgians (Belgium) to colonize the area to “tap into resources”

15. #3 European Territories • You have 3 minutes to use the map to write the new territories that Europe gained • Pg.579

16. The Berlin Conference 1884 • Industrial powers in Europe soon began “scrambling” for new African territories and resources • In 1884, Otto Von Bismarck called a meeting in order to divide of up Africa in a fair manner. Following the Berlin Conference Africa became divided by the major European powers • NO AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVES WERE AT THE CONFERENCE!!!!

17. Social Darwinism and attitudes towards Africa • Herbert Spencer, a famous sociologist, constructed the theory that Africans and Black population were less “evolved” because of their lack of civilization • Due to the belief of social darwinism many Europeans neglected to bring the same level of industrialization (education, railroads, factories) to their new African colonies

18. Africa Imperialism

19. Black man’s burden…

20. Obj. How did various African regions resist Imperialism? • Cornell Notes • Menelik II and industrial Ethiopia 1880’s • Battle of Adwa 1896

21. Announcements • SOCRATIC SEMINAR Friday • ABOARD Assessment Make up points

22. Menelik II • “Enemies have now come upon us to ruin our country and to change our religion. Our enemies have begun the affair by advancing and digging into the country like moles. With the help of God I will not deliver my country to them. Today, you who are strong, give me your strength, and you who are weak, help me by prayer.”

23. Menelik II and Industrial Ethiopia • In the face of imperialism, remained independent by industrializing Ethiopia. • Menelik II (Emperor): • Reformed the constitution • Made treaties with western European powers • Purchased new weapons from Russia to improve the military

24. Battle of Adwa • In 1895, Italian forces invaded Ethiopia over a treaty dispute. • Within only a year, with new weapons from Russia and France, Ethiopia easily defeated the Italians and remained independent

25. Zulu People and South Africa • Within Southern Africa, the Zulus, effectively fought off British power for 15 years • By using guerrilla warfare to avoid direct confrontation with European weapons, the Zulu people protected their farming land

26. Boers vs. British in South Africa • How did the Boers treat the native people in southern Africa? • How did the Boers differ from the British? • What social change did the British want to make? • Why did the Bantu people fight against the Dutch? • Why were British migrants resentful of the Boers? • Infer: Judging by the history of the Boers, what problems might exist in the 20th century between the Boers and Africans?