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Approaches to reducing GBV Shakya Nanayakkara FORUT Sri Lanka

Approaches to reducing GBV Shakya Nanayakkara FORUT Sri Lanka. Gender based violence. GBV is used to distinguish violence that targets individuals on the basis of their gender from other forms of violence.

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Approaches to reducing GBV Shakya Nanayakkara FORUT Sri Lanka

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  1. Approaches to reducing GBVShakya NanayakkaraFORUT Sri Lanka

  2. Gender based violence • GBV is used to distinguish violence that targets individuals on the basis of their gender from other forms of violence. • Gender is a form of power relationship which put men and women in to two different positions within a same society. • We need to understand GBV within the context of girl’s and women’s subordinated position within the society.

  3. Why should we do something about GBV? We have reviewed our own reasons for wanting to do something? We have reminded ourselves of the range of harm from GBV We think that there is enough reasons for us to want to act But we need to workout about is more useful to do and what is less

  4. What are the main determinants of GBV ? • Social approval or social encouragement of such violence • Absence of any deterrent to violence • Women on average being physically weaker than men • Preventive efforts being undermined by a few • Emphasis being mainly on helping victims and not on prevention • Emphasis being mainly on punishing perpetrators and not on prevention

  5. Prevention efforts focussing only on one segment of the population • The feeling among others in a community or neighbourhood that they may not intrude in a private or family matter • The reluctance of those subject to violence to report it because of shame • Active pressure or threats that prevent violence being report

  6. Continued pressure on those subject to violence to accept it, to give the perpetrator yet another chance or to compromise repeatedly • Accepting the excuse that alcohol use has led to the violent behaviour • Perpetrators openly reporting or boasting about previous instances of abusing others – for example in drinking settings • The perception that violence is commonplace or the norm

  7. Some individuals who are subject to violence colluding by provoking known abusive persons • Blaming the person who is subject to violence as having provoked the abuser • Lack of local social reprimands for individuals who are abusive • Failure to recognize the extent of violence • Failure to recognize the severity of trauma and suffering that violence inflicts

  8. Addressing the determination of GBV 1. Why GBV happens or persist? Analyze the contributors to Gender Based violence 2. Selecting determinants to address Which of the contributors can be modified? Which of the contributors are useful to address? Activities should remain within the resources time energy and interest of the people concern Relative importance or size of the contributor

  9. 3. Addressing selected determinants Generating discussion within ourselves Generating discussion within the community Changing the selected determinant Establish indicators Monitoring and evaluating to guide the actions Working for …. Change

  10. Influence the environment to change towards being good for our community Learn about the contributors that promote GBV - Community understand the magnitude of the problem of GBV - Community understand how contributors influence /Promote GBV - Community understands why they should counteract these influences - Community understands how to counteract these influences - Community takes action - Measure progress with indicators

  11. Is the atmosphere beginning to change in the right direction? Strengthen the community to deal with problems Create vigilance amongst all about how efforts may be undermined Work out new ways to get more exiting results even faster Ensure sustained progress Join the community in celebrating the progress

  12. Selecting a determinant / contributor to address The encouragement to GBV due to the idea that the perpetrator is not really to blame because he has consumed alcohol before the event The permission to the violent after consuming alcohol Assess how(strong) the determinant is? Assess the severity or intensity of the factors

  13. Alcohol & violence • Alcohol consumption is a common factor in violence incidents, and an important risk factor for committing violent acts and for victimization • Violent incidents are associated frequently with alcohol use by the perpetrator. • The mechanisms underlying the Alcohol-Violence relationship are complex. • Increase in alcohol consumption is followed by an increase in rates of violence and vice versa • Reducing unfair privileges attached to alcohol reduces violence as well as alcohol consumption.

  14. Alcohol increases the inhibitory activity of neurotransmitter GABA receptors and decreases the excitatory activity of glutamate receptor(Ticku 1981). • Alcohol acts as a depressant. • Alcohol reduces activity of the central nervous system. • Therefore alcohol creates drowsiness and other sedating effects(Harison &Venturelli, 1995). • Real chemical effect of alcohol is unplesant.

  15. WHY PEOPLE DRINK? • What are the self reported motives for using alcohol? • What do people think or expect drinking might offer them?

  16. ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES • ALCOHOL-RESPONSE EXPECTANCIES– which make up the domain of beliefs people hold about how drinking will affect them directly. • RESPONSE OUTCOME ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES-beliefs about the indirect effects of alcohol use

  17. Positive expectations • To forget problems; to produce a good mood • To be macho or daring; increase self confidence • For enjoyment of fun; to produce a feeling of well-being • To ease weariness; to relieve anxiety • To enhance creativity; • To remove inhibition • As an appetizer; for warmth • To appear sophisticated; to make people more sociable • To increase sexual desire

  18. Expectations and Alcohol Effects Alcohol effects are determined by more than bio-chemistry; learned expectations also play a role (Goldman, Del Boca, 2001). In one experiment, for example, college students reported being drunk after consuming drinks that tasted and smelled like alcohol – even though the drinks contained no alcohol (Darkes & Goldman, 1993). Other studies have demonstrated that peoples expectancies about the effects of alcohol had a greater influence on their aggressive behavior than did alcohol itself (e.g. Lang et al., 1975).

  19. Generating a discussion within the community What are the privileges given to people when they drink alcohol?/Male? What are the unfair privileges given to people when they use alcohol? Does the community recognize benefits or advantages that people enjoying when they are seen to be drink? What does the community think about such privileges being given to using alcohol?/ Male?

  20. SANCTION TO BREAK RULES • Alcohol and other drug induced misbehaviour is pardoned or viewed with tolerant permissiveness by many societies. • As a result people use alcohol and other drugs as an alibi for action, in order to gain special privileges form family members, and society at large. • Sometimes they use this social sanction, to intimidate or physically assault others. • The victims continue to excuse this behaviour in the belief that they were done unintentionally. • People blame the alcohol but not the behaviour. • All the blame for shortcomings are foisted on alcohol. “I had a little too much ………….., I can’t remember a thing ……………… “I was under the influence …………….., are some of the excuses given to justify misbehaviour or failure.

  21. In studies of wife abuse and rape, the batterer or rapist was blamed less when he was depicted as drunken than when he was described as sober. • It has been widely observed that people do things that they would never otherwise do after using alcohol or other drugs. • Thus using of alcohol and drugs is believed to be the direct cause of out of character behaviour. • This belief that alcohol reduces inhibition, is shared by the members of the medical and legal professions and is widely accepted in their fields.

  22. Alcohol induced insolent behaviour is directed to those who are weak and defenseless or who always tolerate such behaviour. • When a person beats his wife after using alcohol he also knows that he will not be held accountable the next day. • Individuals who thrive on “Dutch Courage” do not usually chose a tough or a bully for their assaults.

  23. PARDON FOR BAD PERFORMANCES People actively try to arrange the circumstances of their behaviour to protect their perceptions of themselves as competent, intelligent persons. There are sometimes special circumstances to which people attribute inadequate behaviour and poor performance: fatigue or illness, bad comparisons, faulty equipment, immaturity or sensitivity, over-exertion or lack of effort.

  24. Self handicapping • Some people turn to alcohol or other drugs to avoid the implication of negative feedback for failure and to enhance the impact of positive feedback for success • People use alcohol and other drugs to escape from responsibility for their actions • This happens because of the public assumption that alcohol and other drugs generally interferes with or destruct performance • This assumption paves the way for self handicapping strategies

  25. Most women are under the impression that men who are under the influence of alcohol do not know/remember what they do or say, as they lose their presence of mind. Therefore, misbehaviours under alcohol are permitted and forgiven • Therefore, men in the pretext of being under the influence of alcohol, quarrel, use filthy abusive language, or resort to physical harassments

  26. But, behaviours under alcohol are very much consciously done. • That is why drunkards who misbehave or use filthy language get back to their normal behaviour no sooner they see a police officer or a law enforcing authority. • Therefore, in an environment where such misbehaviours are not pardoned or sanctioned, such adverse behaviours are minimal.

  27. Some women too say; • “Men do not know what they say and do, when they are drunk:; • “Take no notice as he has cross his limits”; • “Who take drunkards seriously”? • “I do not take action because you are drunk” • “He is like a devil when drunk”; • “Must explain things when he is sober “et

  28. What can we do? • Explain that drunken behaviour is generally under good volitional control. • Work towards debilitating the social acceptance of alcohol induced misbehaviour. • Do not pardon such behaviour on the assumption that alcohol disinhibits men and magically turns them in to beasts. • Challenge the phrases such as “I was under the influence”….I cant remember a thing…

  29. Make alcohol users responsible for their silly and stupid acts • Assign responsibilities at home, work place… • Tell the alcohol users that we now know that alcohol induced misbehaviour is done intentionally

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