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The Liver

The Liver. The Liver. Function: Metabolism Anatomy/Histology Right, left lobe Biliary Tree Components of Liver: 1. Liver Parenchyma (lobule) 2. Portal area (vessels, bile ducts) 3. Vessels (portal and systemic circulation). Pathology of Liver. Primary vs Secondary disease

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The Liver

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  1. The Liver

  2. The Liver • Function: • Metabolism • Anatomy/Histology • Right, left lobe • Biliary Tree • Components of Liver: • 1. Liver Parenchyma (lobule) • 2. Portal area (vessels, bile ducts) • 3. Vessels (portal and systemic circulation)

  3. Pathology of Liver • Primary vs Secondary disease • Congenital/Genetic vs Acquired • Neoplastic vs non-neoplastic • Inflammatory diseases (infection, physical injury, chemical injury, ischemia, immune disease, metabolic disease) • Hemodynamic disorder

  4. Patterns of Hepatic Injury

  5. Ballooning Degeneratin

  6. Steatosis (macrovesicular)

  7. Steatosis (microvesicular)

  8. Feathery Degeneration

  9. Iron deposition

  10. Copper deposition

  11. Interface Hepatitis

  12. Protal inflammation

  13. Piece-meal necrosis

  14. Massive necrosis

  15. Regenerative Nodules

  16. Ductular Reaction

  17. Bridging Fibrosis

  18. Cirrhosis

  19. Cirrhosis

  20. Cirrhosis

  21. Clinical Features of Liver Disease • Hepatic Failure • Cirrhosis • Portal Hypertension • Cholestasis

  22. Clinical Features of Liver Disease • Jaundice • Hypoalbuminemia • Hyperammonemia • Plamar Erythema • Gynecomastia • Coagulopathy • Hepatic encephalopathy

  23. Clinical Features of Liver Disease • History: • Pain, jaundice, Family history, Occupation, contact will jaundice patient, onset of illness • Fever, malaise, anorexia.. • Examination: • Jaundice, pallor, Palmar erythema, Flapping tremor, • Ascites, liver enlargement, Spider nevi, Murphy’s sign

  24. Investigations of Liver disease

  25. Investigations of Liver disease • Bilirubin • Liver Enzymes: ALT, AST, GGT, Alk. Phosphatase • Protein: Albumin, Globulin • Imaging: ultrasound, CT scan..

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