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AURAL COMPREHENSION

AURAL COMPREHENSION. UPLIFT 2012. Objectives. Be familiar with the different models for listening and language instruction as an alternative methodology for teaching listening Internalize the psychosocial dimensions of the listening act

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AURAL COMPREHENSION

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  1. AURAL COMPREHENSION UPLIFT 2012

  2. Objectives • Be familiar with the different models for listening and language instruction as an alternative methodology for teaching listening • Internalize the psychosocial dimensions of the listening act • Acquire knowledge, skills and strategies for proficient listening • Apply the principles of listening comprehension in preparing instructional activities and materials

  3. 4 Models of Listening & Language Instruction • Model 1: Listening & Repeating • Model 2: Listening & Answering Comprehension Questions • Model 3: Task listening • Model 4: Interactive listening

  4. I know you believe you understand what you think I said but I am not sure you realise that what you heard is not what I meant

  5. Listening is not my problem! • Listening and hearing are the same • Good readers are good listeners • Smart people are better listeners • Listening improves with age • Listening skills are difficult to learn

  6. We are prone not to listen • We think more about what we are going to say rather than listening to a speaker • We prefer to talk when we should listen • We tend to hear what we expect to hear rather than what is actually said • We tend not to pay attention because of preoccupation, prejudice, self-centeredness, stereotype

  7. Basic Communication Skills Profile Communication Order Learned Extent Used Extent Taught Listening First First Fourth Speaking Second Second Third Reading Third Third Second Writing Fourth Fourth First

  8. Listening Is With The Mind • Hearing With The Senses • Listening Is Conscious • An Active Process Of Eliciting Information • Ideas, Attitudes And Emotions • Interpersonal, Oral Exchange

  9. Stages of the Listening Process • Hearing • Focusing on the message • Comprehending and interpreting • Analyzing and Evaluating • Responding • Remembering

  10. Types of Listening • Informative Listening 1. Vocabulary 2. Concentration 3. Memory • Relationship Listening 1. Attending 2. Supporting 3. Empathizing • Appreciative Listening 1. Presentation 2.Perception 3. Previous experience

  11. Barriers to Active Listening • Environmental barriers • Physiological barriers • Psychological barriers • Selective Listening • Negative Listening Attitudes • Personal Reactions • Poor Motivation

  12. How to Be an Effective Listener • What You Think about Listening ? • Understand the complexities of listening • Prepare to listen • Adjust to the situation • Focus on ideas or key points • Capitalize on the speed differential • Organize material for learning

  13. How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.) • What You Feel about Listening ? • Want to listen • Delay judgment • Admit your biases • Don’t tune out “dry” subjects • Accept responsibility for understanding • Encourage others to talk

  14. How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.) • What You Do about Listening ? • Establish eye contact with the speaker • Take notes effectively • Be a physically involved listener • Avoid negative mannerisms • Exercise your listening muscles • Follow the Golden Rule

  15. Improving Listening Comprehension • Listening comprehension is the act of understanding an oral message • It involves speech decoding, comprehending, and oral discourse analysis

  16. Speech Decoding • Word recognition Recognizing words accurately, understanding the definitions of the words being use, recognizing the way words are used un context, identifying attention signals

  17. Speech Decoding (Cont..) • Accent recognition recognize stress, identify pauses, hesitations

  18. Comprehending Comprehending a verbal message involves the ability to: • Identify the central theme, main ideas and supporting details; • Concentrate and understand long speeches • Identify the level of formality • Deduce incomplete information • Deduce unfamiliar vocabulary

  19. Listening to structured talks • Pre-listening analysis-determining the purpose, knowing your speaker • Predicting about the content of a verbal message • Using background knowledge • Intensive listening

  20. Intensive Listening • Listening to the introduction 1.1. What is the position, knowledge, background, experience of the speaker? 1.2. What is his credibility? 1.3. What is the overall purpose of the talk? 1.4. What is the central idea or theme? 1.5. What is the overall structure? 1.6. What does the speaker intend to do? 1.7. What are the main points of the talk?

  21. Intensive listening (Cont…) . Listening to the Body • Contains the main message-pay attention • Concentrate on verbal signposts • Recognize main supporting details of the oral message • Concentrate on visual aids

  22. Intensive Listening ( Cont..) Listening to the conclusion • Understand the main themes of the verbal message • Recognize the speaker`s focus of the talk • Concentrate on what the speaker wants the listener`s to do, or remember

  23. Qualities of Active Listeners Desire to be “other-directed” No desire to protect yourself Desire to imagine the experience of the other Desire to understand, not critique

  24. Skills for Active Listening Examples: Sitting forward Eye contact Nodding head Open gestures Mirroring ATTENDING Explanation: Providing verbal and non-verbal awareness

  25. Skills for Active Listening Examples: So what I hear you saying is . . . PARAPHRASING Explanation: Restating the person’s basic verbal message.

  26. Skills for Active Listening REFLECTING FEELINGS Examples: You’re feeling ___. It makes you (feeling) that . . . Explanation: Reflecting feelings that have been heard or perceived through cues.

  27. Skills for Active Listening CHECKING PERCEPTIONS Examples: It seems to me like you’re pretty ____. So, you were taking some risks when you . . . Explanation: Finding out if interpretations are accurate.

  28. Skills for Active Listening Examples: Count to yourself. Don’t try to fill every silence. BEING QUIET Explanation: Giving the other time to think as well as to talk

  29. Skills for Active Listening Examples: You told off the teacher and now you’re scared . . . You’re feeling on top of the world because you got an A! SUMMARIZING Explanation: Bringing together in some way experiences and feelings.

  30. Trying It Out Tell about some success you’ve had recently. SPEAKER LISTENER Practice skills Make note of active listening skills being used. Feedback. OBSERVER

  31. Logical Connectors and Transitional Signals

  32. 4 Models of Listening & Language Instruction • Model 1: Listening & Repeating • Model 2: Listening & Answering Comprehension Questions • Model 3: Task listening • Model 4: Interactive listening

  33. Focus on Listening • Listen to yourself! • Before you can be an effective listener you have to ensure you are ready to listen. • Assess your mental, physical and emotional states. • Remember you are there to listen! • Many times people in crisis need to talk through their problems, not get advice on how to solve their problems. • If you aren’t sure if the person wants you to “just” listen or give advice ASK them!

  34. Focus on Their Concerns • Focus on the person’s train of thought. • Avoid thinking about your response or other non-related things until the person is finished speaking. • Remove distractions. • If there is a distraction (TV, music, someone else in the room) remove the distraction if possible so you can focus. • If you can’t remove the distraction, schedule a time when you can focus on their concerns.

  35. Silence & Body Language • Silence isn’t bad! • Don’t always rush to fill in gaps in conversation. These gaps can be important for the individual to gather their thoughts or express themselves emotionally. • Listen with your eyes! • People communicate information through behaviors in addition to what they say. • Pay attention to body language to help understand their feelings.

  36. Empathic Listening • Refrain from being judgmental. • Empathy doesn’t mean you agree with the person, just that you have identified and understand how they are feeling. • Uncomfortable conversations. • If you have difficulty keeping your beliefs from interfering with your ability to listen, let the person know the topic is too sensitive for you. • Find someone else that can listen.

  37. Convey You Are Listening • Maintain eye contact when it seems appropriate. • Use minimal encouragers such as “Uh huh” and “I see” to communicate you are paying attention. • Paraphrase what the person has said to you and ask questions to fill in gaps. • This will not only help you understand, but help the person think through their concerns and express their emotions more effectively. • Acknowledge that you understand their thoughts as well as their feelings.

  38. Boundary Bill of Rights We have the Right : • to be treated with respect • to say NO without feeling guilty • to make a mistake • to ask for what you want and need • to express your feelings and opinions • to change your mind • to feel good about yourself no matter what others say • to act in your own best interest as long as you do not violate others in the process

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