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Chapter 15 Life at the Turn of the Century

Chapter 15 Life at the Turn of the Century. Sec. 1 Review Who were the “Old Immigrants?”. 1800-1880 Immigrants from Northern & Western Europe United Kingdom The Netherlands Germany Sweden & Norway. Who were the New Immigrants?. 1880-1910 Mainly from Eastern & Southern Europe Poland

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Chapter 15 Life at the Turn of the Century

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  1. Chapter 15Life at the Turn of the Century

  2. Sec. 1 ReviewWho were the “Old Immigrants?” • 1800-1880 • Immigrants from Northern & Western Europe • United Kingdom • The Netherlands • Germany • Sweden & Norway

  3. Who were the New Immigrants? • 1880-1910 • Mainly from Eastern & Southern Europe • Poland • Hungary • Czechoslovakia • Russia • Italy • Greece

  4. Reasons for Mass Immigration from Eastern Europe: • Poverty • Overcrowding & Joblessness • Religious Persecution

  5. Where did most of the “New Immigrants” live? CITIES Little Italy, New York

  6. Settlement of Immigrants (1880)

  7. Where Were Immigrants Processed? Ellis Island

  8. Where did Asian Immigrants Arrive in U.S.? Angel Island (San Francisco)

  9. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 • Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years • Chinese in America could not get citizenship • WHY? • 1870’s: American economy takes downturn • Many Chinese lived in cities doing low-wage work • Chinese blamed for taking jobs and making wages decrease • Denis Kearney – “The Chinese must go!”

  10. What people opposed immigration? NATIVISTS • Labor Unions blamed immigrants for lower wages, taking jobs & breaking strikes • Prejudice (ex. Anti-Semitism, anti-Chinese, Anti-Catholic)

  11. Effects of Immigration • America becomes more multicultural • Development of ethnic communities • Increase in U.S. population • Rapid Urbanization

  12. UrbanizationThe Rise of Cities • 1900: 40% of American’s living in cities • Cities grew by native-born Americans relocating to cities from rural areas and from increasing immigrant population • 1897-1930: 1 million southern blacks migrate north & west to cities. How does urbanization connect to industrialization?

  13. Patterns of Urban Growth - 1880

  14. Urban Changes Why did cities grow? • Mass-Transit Technology • Before mass-transit, people had to live within walking distance of the city. • 1890’s: Electric trolleys, streetcars, subways developed • Lead’s to residential communities forming outside the city

  15. Construction of NYC Subway System1901

  16. Urban Changes 2. Skyscrapers • Made possible by innovations of the Industrial Revolution: steel, elevators & central steam heating. • Allowed cities to expand rapidly by building upward • Home Insurance Building in Chicago – first true skyscraper at 10 stories high!

  17. Changing New York City Skyline 1898 1931

  18. What is the World’s Tallest Building now? BurjKhalifa in the United Arab Emirates

  19. Urban Changes 3. Ethnic Neighborhoods • Immigrant groups settled into distinct ethnic neighborhoods • Ethnic neighborhoods allowed immigrants to maintain their cultural heritage: language, culture, churches/temples & social clubs.

  20. Residential Suburbs • Streetcars & Trains allow people to live in communities outside of cities • Wealthy & middle classes wanted to escape bad conditions in city • Example of increasing disparity between upper/middle class and the working class poor.

  21. Roxbury Highlands, Massachusetts

  22. Andrew Carnegie’s Home

  23. Class Divisions • Working class lived in crowded cities • Tenement Apartments

  24. Why is this era called“The Gilded Age?” • Phrase coined by Mark Twain • “Gilded” – something covered with an outward layer of gold • An era of economic growth and wealth that covered deep societal issues, such as… • Poverty • Government Corruption • Materialism • Poor working conditions

  25. Political Corruption • Political Machines controlled city politics • Political Bosses worked to: • Ensure their candidates were elected • Make sure that city government worked to their advantage

  26. Machine Organization “The Boss” – Controlled jobs, business licenses & influenced the Court system City Boss “Ward Bosses” – Usually 2nd generation immigrants. Helped immigrants with jobs, housing and naturalization in exchange for votes. Ward Bosses Precinct Workers, Immigrants

  27. James Garfield • Refuses to give certain members of the Republican party jobs. • Assassinated by Charles Guiteau • VP Chester Arthur becomes President and begins reforming the Federal Government & fighting “the spoils system”

  28. Government CorruptionThe Spoils System • Begun by President Andrew Jackson • New President would dismiss 1,000’s of government workers & replace with his supporters in his party. • “To the victor goes the spoils of war”

  29. Pendleton Civil Service Act • Supported by President Arthur & passed by Congress 1883 • Legislated that government jobs be based on merit. • Applicants would take a Civil Service Test to determine if they were qualified • Made it illegal to fire government employees based on party affiliation

  30. Beginning of an era of REFORM

  31. Now on to ….The Populist MovementGo to the blog…open “Populist Movement Guided Reading”

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