Unit 6

1. Unit 6 Sentence Translation (II)

2. Passivity without a subject (C-E) • 不多功夫，已全在肚子里了，却忘记了什么味，面前只剩下一只空盘子。（鲁迅《药》） • Soon it was all eaten, the flavor completely forgotten, only the empty plate. • 抓住了这个主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。

3. Shift of Negation in Translation • 正话反说 or 反话正说 • Affirmative in EnglishNegative in Chinese • Example：Such an ingenious invention is certainly beyond the wildest fantasy of most people. • 参考译文：这么巧妙的发明肯定是大多数人做梦也想不到的。 • Example：As long as the puma remained at large, the threat to local folks would linger.

4. Other transitions of negation • Example： He realized that he was in trouble. • 参考译文：他意识到遇到麻烦了。 • 他意识到处境不妙。

5. Traps in Negation • Example： The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished. • 参考译文：引擎停止运转，不是因为燃料耗尽。 • Example： In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. • 参考译文：在那个城市，我们从未因犹太身份而遭受歧视。

6. Analysis of long sentences （I） • 1. Compound sentences: • E.g.: It happen’d one day about noon going towards my boat, I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man’s naked foot on the shore, which was very plain to be seen in the sand: I stood like one thunder-struck, or as if I had seen an apparition; I listened, I looked round me, I could hear nothing, nor seen anything, I went up to a rising ground to look farther, I went up to the shore and down the shore, but it was all one, I could see no other impression but that one. –from Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe • 翻译技巧：顺译法

7. Translation of Complex Sentences • 2. Complex sentences • Steps in translating long and complex sentences • 1) structural analysis • 2) comprehension • 3) distinction between main and subordinate clauses • 4) translating each individual element in mind • 5) rearrangement and transformation • 6) Finishing touches

8. Steps of translating complex sentences • Opponents(1) of a proposed agreement with Japan to build the new generation FSX fighter plane(2)have made a vigorous appeal to President George Bush, and a long debate at the White House (3)hasleft Mr. Bush torn between differing views in the cabinet (4). • (2) inversionto the beginning (1) conversionindependent clause (3) conversionphrase to independent clause (4) splittingcause+effect • 参考译文：有人提议美国与日本签订协定，共同研制新一代FSX战斗机，但有人不赞同这样做，并向乔治·布什总统表示了强烈的反对意见。白宫开会进行了长时间的争论，但内阁成员意见相左，布什先生很难定夺。

9. 翻译技巧之一：splitting（拆句） • E.g.: Administration officials have publicly justified the decision to halt the fighting on the grounds that the American-led group had achieved the goal of driving Iraqi troops from Kuwait and reducing the Iraqi war machine so it would no longer be threat.

10. 翻译技巧：splitting + inversion • It is important to note at this point that unless the product offers a competitive benefit at a price the consumer is willing to pay, the greatest advertising plan ever devised will absolutely fail and fail absolutely.

11. Translation skill: transformation • E.g.: I have never outgrown my delight in movies: I am there for every good movie. • 译法一：我从未超出我在电影方面的爱好，每有一部好电影我都在那里。 • International delente has downgraded Indochina from a cockpit of superpower rivalry to that of more localized quarrels. • 译法一：国际缓和把印度支那从超级大国的一个争斗地，降格为一个更为地方化了的争吵之地。

12. Conversion in transformation • Eager to trust but determined to verify (1), many single women in an age of risky romance (2)are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors (3). • (1) splitting + conversion + amplification • (2)inversion to the beginning + conversion • (3) amplification to show the causality

13. C-E translation of long sentences • 翻译技巧：splitting + inversion • 面对很不安宁的世界，面对艰巨繁重的任务，全党同志一定要增强忧患意识，居安思危，清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战，清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险，倍加顾全大局，倍加珍视团结，倍加维护稳定。翻译技巧：拆分+逆序 • 参考译文：

14. C-E translation • 翻译技巧：splitting + amplification • 一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。 • (pls notice the implied passivity) • Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.

15. 翻译技巧：splitting • 接着，他继续设想，鸡又生鸡，用鸡卖钱，钱买母牛，母牛繁殖，卖牛得钱，用钱放债，这么一连串的发财计划，当然不能算是生产的计划。