Chapter 30: North America and South America Section 1: The United States After World War 2

1. Chapter 30: North America and South AmericaSection 1: The United States After World War 2 JAY BREEZY.!

2. A: Prosperity After World War 2 • In the 1930s, many Americans moved to communities outside of cities

3. A: Prosperity After World War 2 New Communities • The nations first planned community was Levittown. • Levittown was located in a suburb or a community at the edge of a city. • Many people began to move out of New York City.

4. A: Prosperity After World War 2 Changing Lifestyles • As people moved farther from their jobs in the cities, they needed to commute, or travel back and forth home from work. • Many people brought cars as well as houses. • Most middle aged women stayed at home and watched after their children, however many others worked at jobs outside their homes.

5. B:Conflicts at Home and Abroad • Cold War fears caused conflicts at home and abroad.

6. B: Conflicts at Home and Abroad Senator McCarthy • In 1950, U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin accused some government workers of being Communist supporters. • For a time, government officials were afraid to criticize McCarthy, because they might also be suspected. • The people who were accused had a TV interview with McCarthy and viewers noticed that McCarthy had no real evidence. • The term McCarthyism refers to the practice of publicly accusing people of political disloyalty without real evidence.

7. B: Conflicts at Home and Abroad The Korean Conflict • North Korea, which was under a Communist government, invaded democratic South Korea in 1950. • President Truman sent U.S. troops to south Korea’s defense. • Negotiations to end the conflict dragged on for two years before an agreement was signed in 1953.

8. B: Conflicts at Home and Abroad Crises in Cuba • Located 90 miles off the Florida coast, Cuba seemed like a big threat to Americans. • The U.S. Central intelligence Agency (cia) trained about 1,500 Cuban exiles who attempted an invasion at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. • The invasion failed, and the exiles were captured. The United States had been unsuccessful against a much smaller country.

9. C: The Struggle for Justice Many groups fought for equal rights before the law.

10. C: The Struggle for Justice A Battle for Equal Education • In 1986 the U.S. Supreme Court had established a separate but equal doctrine, or policy that became widely practiced in the South. • African Americans could not enter some stores and restaurants, drink from certain water fountains, or go to schools with white people. • Writing about her experiences in the 1950’s Diane Nash, an African American student supporter of basic civil rights.

11. C: The Struggle for Justice Civil Rights Protest • In 1955, a woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white man, as required by law in Montgomery, Alabama, where buses were segregated. • She was removed from the bus and arrested. • On the day of her trial, the African American community took a stand against segregation by refusing to ride the Montgomery buses. • In 1963, protesters in Birmingham, Alabama demonstrated for the rights of African Americans to use public places. When he arrived he was jailed for his role after he was freed he organized a march on Washington D.C. in August 1963. • In 1968 King was asked to lead a protest in Tennessee. A few days before the protest he was assassinated.

12. C: The struggle for justice Other Groups Seek Equal Rights • Many jobs were closed to women. • Often, they were paid less than men for doing the same jobs. • Women demonstrated and marched in protest , and as a result more women were elected to political positions.

13. D: Wars, Scandals, and Terrorism • Wars, scandals, and terrorism greatly affected the United States in the last part of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century.

14. D: Wars, Scandals, and Terrorism A Nation divided Over war • The domino theory led four U.S. Presidents Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon to send U.S. aid and troops to south Vietnam. • The goal was to help South Vietnam fight against a Communist North Vietnamese takeover. • As the war became more and more unpopular, it became clear that the United States could not continue its involvement. An agreement to stop the fighting was signed in 1973.

15. D: Wars, Scandals, and Terrorism A Time of Scandals • Scandal broke in 1972, when five men were caught breaking into the Watergate building in Washington D.C. • The reason for the break in was to steal records from the opposing political party. • President Richard Nixon was accused of covering up the break-in. • He resigned in 1974 to avoid being impeached.

16. D: Wars, Scandals, and Terrorism Troubles in a New Century • The nation’s dreams of peace were shattered on September 11, 2001 when terrorists flew jets into New York City’s World Trade Center and Pentagon, near Washington, D.C. Several thousand people died as a result of those crashes and another crash in Pennsylvania. • The prime suspect behind the attacks was Osama bin Laden the leader of a worldwide group of terrorists called Al Qaeda. • In early 2003, Great Britain and the United States formed a coalition military force to fight a war in Iraq.

17. Chapter 30: North America and South AmericaSection 2: Canada and the United States in a New Era Jay breezy.!

18. A: Long-Standing Good Neighbors • Canada and the United States share both a border and common goals.

19. A: Long-Standing Good Neighbors Population Movements Between Countries • Throughout history, four major waves of immigration to Canada from the United States have occurred. • The first wave took place at the time of the American Revolution in the 1700’s when people loyal to Great Britain fled the colonies. • A second large-scale movement happened in the 1800’s when enslaved Africans escaped from the southern region of the United States for freedom in Canada. • The third wave happened in the early 1900’s • The fourth movement occurred during the Vietnam war.

20. A: Long-Standing Good Neighbors Fighting Terrorism • Canada was among the first to join the United Nations in 1945 and actively support UN programs. • After the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001, Canada and the United States agreed to cooperate even more on matters of security and information about possible threats. • The Smart Border Declaration, signed in December 2001, provided for U.S. National Guard troops to be stationed along the U.S./Canada border.

21. B: Freedom for Canada • The people of Canada have achieved greater self-rule in recent decades

22. B: British Control Decreases • Canadians have pushed for greater freedom by working with government of Britain. • In 1982, Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain signed the Constitution Act. • If Canada wanted to make a change in its constitution approval from the British Parliament was required.

23. B: A New Territory • In 1999, the Nanavut Territory was created from the Northwest Territories of Canada. • The land in the new territory is thought to be rich in metal ores and soil. • The Nanavut Territory has 26 major communities, all of them separated by great distances.

24. B: Quebec Province • Quebec is heavily influenced by its French connections, which date back to 1608. • That year the explorer Samuel de Champlain started the first permanent French settlement in Quebec. • Quebec has attempted to secede, or break away, from Canada and form a new nation.

25. C: Trade Partners and Economic Challenges • Canada and the United States are strong trade partners but face some economic challenges.

26. C: Canadian—U.S. Trade • In 2001 Canada exported to foreign countries goods and services worth nearly $275 billion and imported almost $240 billion worth of goods. • Canada and the United States are each other’s strongest trade partners. • In 2001, for example, 86 percent of Canada’s exports went to the United States, and 74 percent of Canada’s imported goods came from the United States.

27. C: North American Free Trade Agreement • In 1988, Canada and the United States made a free-trade agreement that eliminated most tariffs on imports and exports between those to countries. • Mexico joined the agreement in 1992, which was then named the North American Free Trade Agreement. • Citizens in all three countries are divided on the benefits of this agreement.

28. C: The Helms-Burton Act • In 1996, the United States passed an act that limited trade with Cuba. • These sanctions prevent Cuban goods and services from being bought or sold in the United States. • Most countries disagree with the U.S. trade sanctions on cuba.

29. C: Fishing and other Environmental Concerns • A second area of disagreement between Canada and the United States has been over fishing, especially of salmon, in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. • Canadian fishers charge that the United States is overfishing the waters. • Overfishing reduces the number of salmon that return to Canada to reproduce.

30. Chapter 30: North America and South America Section 3: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean islands Jay breezy.!

31. A: Mexico and the United States • Mexico and the United States formed a new alliance in the 1990s.

32. A. Mexico and the United States • NAFTA– A New Trade Agreement • The North American Free Trade Agreement Signed by the three nations’ leaders in 1992, NAFTA went into effect on January 1, 1994. • The treaty was not the first time the nations had cooperated, but the treaty made the cooperation formal and long lasting. • Vicente Fox was elected president of Mexico for a six-year term in 2000.

33. A. Mexico and the United States • Mexican Workers • Many Mexicans who had been living in the United States went to work at factories. • Today, as in the past Mexican workers are paid much less than American workers. • As a result, many Mexicans are willing to work in the United States for better wagers.

34. A. Mexico and the United States • Factories and the Mexican Economy • a second legal use of Mexico's workforce occurs in factories in factories built along the U.S.-Mexican border. Since World war 2, Mexico has worked to strengthen its economy. The 1970s were particularly strong for Mexico's oil industry.

35. A. Mexico and the United States Concerns Over Illegal drugs • Mexico is a major pipeline for illegal drugs coming from South American countries, such as Columbia, and entering the United States. • Both marijuana and heroin are grown commercially in Mexico. • Efforts to reduce Mexico’s role in the drug trade and drug use in the United States continue on both sides of the border.

36. B. Central America Moves Toward Democracy • Central American nations moved toward democracy.

37. B. Central America Moves Toward Democracy Nicaragua and Guatemala • From 1937 to 1979, Nicaragua was ruled by the Somoza family. • The United States supported the Contras against the Sandinistas during a deadly civil war in Nicaragua. • Guatemala wanted a stable government. In 1954 rebels with the support of the U.S. government overthrew the Communist supported government in Guatemala.

38. B. Central America moves Toward Democracy El Salvador and Panama • U.S. President Ronald Regan focused attention on the nation of El Salvador during the early 1980’s. • The United States has had an interest in Panama since the building of the Panama Canal. • In 1989 U.S. troops invaded Panama to overthrow the President of the country, Manuel Noriega

39. C. The Caribbean Islands • The Caribbean islands made strides toward freedom

40. C. The Caribbean Islands Young Nations • Between 1962 and 1983, nine island nations became independent. • Many island economies depend on tourism. • In 1983 U.S. troops went to Grenada to put down a Communist-led overthrow attempt.

41. C. The Caribbean Islands Economic Challenges • In 1973, the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) was formed. • Members seek cooperation in areas of education, health, science, and economics. • They hope to expand the areas economy, which has historically been based on crops such as sugar cane and bananas.

42. Chapter 30: North America and South AmericaSection 4: South America Jay breezy.!

43. A. Climate of Unrest The countries of South America have experienced political and economic turmoil.

44. A. Climate of Unrest Argentina • In 1946, General Juan Peron was elected president. • Peron was elected president again on his return to Argentina in 1973, but died ten months later in 1974. • In 1983, after democratic elections, democracy returned. Argentina's economic problems continued to grow.

45. A. Climate of Unrest Chile • In 1970, the Socialist Salvador Allende Gossens was elected president. • Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle followed Aylwin as Chile’s president in 1994. • Chile Continued it economic growth throughout the 1990’s

46. B. Economic and Political Struggles • Economics of some nations in South America have demonstrated progress.

47. B. Economic and Political Struggles Brazil • Brazil is the largest country in South America. • More than half of South America’s people live in Brazil. • Eighty percent of Brazilians live within 200 miles of the Atlantic Ocean • The 1960s and 1970s were very prosperous times for Brazil, although many people who moved to the cities looking for work were poor.

48. B. Economic and Political Struggles Colombia • Although Colombia has often been close to civil war, it remains economically successful. • Drug trafficking is run in Colombia by organizations called drug cartels. • Colombia produces more than 90 percent of the worlds supply of emeralds.

49. B. Economic and Political Struggles Peru • In 1994, Peru had one of the highest economic growth rates in the world. • Although the largest gold mine in South America is in Peru, copper and zinc are the exports that earn the most money. • In the 1960’s Peru was the worlds largest fishing nation.

50. C. Latin Americans and Religion • The Roman Catholic Church influences society in South America.