Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath

1. Chapter 19World War I and Its Aftermath Section 1 The United States Enters World War I Section 3 A Bloody Conflict

2. President Wilson was opposed to imperialism and believed democracy was necessary to keep the nation stable and prosperous. Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy

3. 1911 – revolution in Mexico forced its leader, Porfirio Diaz, to flee the country. The Mexican Revolution

4. The new leader, Francisco Madero, was a poor administrator. Army officers began to plot against him. The Mexican Revolution

5. Gen. Victoriano Huerta took over in Mexico and presumably had Madero murdered. Wilson refused to recognize the new gov’t and prevented weapons from reaching Huerta, and armed others in Mexico. The Mexican Revolution

6. Wilson Sends Troops into Mexico • 1914 – Wilson sent marines to seize the Mexican port of Veracruz to overthrow Huerta.

7. Anti-American riots broke out. International mediation of the dispute placed Venustiano Carranza as the new president. He received arms from the U.S. Wilson Sends Troops

8. Mexican forces opposed to Carranza conducted raids into the U.S., hoping Wilson would intervene. Pancho Villa led a group of guerrillas into New Mexico, & many Americans were killed. Wilson Sends Troops

9. Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and 6,000 troops into Mexico to capture Villa. Pershing was unsuccessful and the growing war in Europe caused Wilson to remove troops. This damaged U.S. foreign relations. Wilson Sends Troops

10. The Outbreak of World War I • *Background* • The roots of WWI go back to the 1860s. • Prussia began a series of wars to unite German states. • By 1871 Germany was united. • The new German nation changed European politics.

11. Background ctd… • France and Germany were enemies. • Germany formed the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. • Russia and France formed the Franco-Russian Alliance against Germany and Austria-Hungary.

12. The Naval Race • Great Britain remained neutral until the early 1900s, when it began an arms race with Germany. • This increased tensions between the two countries, causing the British to gain closer relations with France and Russia. • The three countries became known as the Triple Entente.

13. Alliances

14. The Balkan Crisis • Nationalism was very powerful in Europe in the late 1800s. • The right to self-determination, the idea that people who belong to a nation should have their own country and government, was a basic idea of nationalism. • This led to the crisis in the Balkans where different groups within the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires began to seek independence.

15. Balkans

16. A Continent Goes To War • June 1914 – the heir to the Austo-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Bosnian city of Sarajevo with his wife Sophia. • He is assassinated by Gavrilio Princip, a terrorist from the Black Hand (group that wants to rid itself of Austrian rule) • Ferdinand and his wife are killed

17. Archduke and His wife the day of Assassination in Sarajevo

20. Gavrilo Princip

21. A Continent Goes to War • Chain of events that starts WWI: (1914) • July 28 – Austria declared war on Serbia. • August 1 – Germany declared war on Russia. • August 3 – Germany declared war on France.

22. The Allies • France, Russia, Great Britain, and later Italy – fought for the Triple Entente. • Germany and Austria-Hungary joined the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria to form the Central Powers.

24. Western Front

25. Germany’s plan • German is trying to avoid fighting a war on two fronts. • Comes up with Schlieffen Plan (France first , then Russia) • Knock out France in first 6 weeks, then hit Russia (take Russia some time to mobilize)

26. Von Schlieffen

27. Germany’s Plan Fails • Germany and France became locked in a stalemate along hundreds of miles of trenches. • Stalemate lasted 3 years. • Central Powers had greater success on the Eastern Front, capturing hundreds of miles of territory and hundreds of thousands of prisoners.

28. New Weapons of war • Machine gun • Barbwire • Tanks • Airplanes • Submarines (Unterseeboot) • Poison gas

29. Machine Gun

35. German soldiers after a gas attack

36. Gas burn victim

37. Airplanes

38. Trench Warfare • Terrible way to fight a war • Land in between trenches called no mans land • Filled with dead bodies and barb wire • Rats • Lice • Constant bombardment • Assault was called “going over the top”

41. What a trench looked like

42. No Mans land

44. Water in trench

45. Trench foot

46. Trench Warfare

47. American Neutrality • Wilson declared the United States to be neutral. • He did not want his country pulled into a foreign war. • Americans showed support for one side or the other with many immigrants supporting their homelands. • Most favored the Allied cause.

48. Pro-British Sentiment • Pres. Wilson’s cabinet was pro-British, believing that an Allied victory would preserve an international balance of power. • The British skillfully used propaganda, or information used to influence opinion, to gain American support.

49. Propaganda • Governments used propaganda to influence public opinion

50. Business Links • Companies in the U.S. had strong ties to the Allied countries. • Many U.S. banks gave loans to the Allies. • As a result, American prosperity was tied to the war. • Money would only be paid back if the Allies won.