A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities

1. NPOESSNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite SystemBriefing to the APAN Earth Observation Working GroupJanuary 30, 2004

2. METOP NPOESS NPOESS Specialized Satellites NPOESS A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities Mission Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capability Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs Incorporate new technologies from NASA Encourage International Cooperation 0530 1330 0930 Local Equatorial Crossing Time Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B NPOESS is Good Government!

3. NPOESS NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL remote sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, GLOBAL and regional environmental imagery and specialized METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC, TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of public safety, commerce, environmental monitoring and research.

4. National Importance • Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national economy • Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivity • Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessment NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring

5. Establishing NPOESS • National Space Council Study - 1992 • National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993 • Identified Need for Coordinated Effort • OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to Congress - May 1994 • Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994 • Directed Convergence of National Assets • Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May 1995 • Established Roles and Responsibilities of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA • EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998 • Brought in International Community

6. Two Polar-orbiting Systems DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) • Currently • F-14 Launched December 1994 • F-15 Launched December 1999 • F-16 Launched December 2003 POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite) • First Launched April 1, 1960 • Currently • NOAA-15 Launched May 1998 • NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000 • NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

7. NPOESS DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence & Evolution of Mission Areas DoD/AF DoD/AF DMSP Block 6 Military Tri-Agency -Imaging - μwaveSounding -Space Environment -Under DMSP SPO CONVERGENCE DOC/NOAA DOC/NOAA • Imaging • Sounding • Climate • Ozone • Space Environment • Under Integrated • Program Office POES OPQR Civil -Imaging -Sounding -Climate -Ozone -Space Environment -Under POES Prog Office Discontinued

8. F17 F19 WindSat/Coriolis F15 F16 N 16 C2 N’ Satellite Transition Schedule(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)Slopes indicate 10-90% need CY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ----------------10 Year Mission Life------------------- 0530 F20 C3 C6 NPOESS DMSP C4 F18 C1 NPOESS DMSP NPOESS 0730 - 1030 17 POES METOP EOS-Terra Local Equatorial Crossing Time NPP C5 NPOESS POES 1330 Earliest Need to back-up launch EOS-Aqua Mission Satisfaction S/C Deliveries Earliest Availability FY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule As of: 20 Oct 02 Most probable launch date Launch date based on backup need

9. NPOESS Requirements Convergence of Alternatives • Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-II) • 55 Data Products • 21 Enhancement Products • 2 System Characteristic KPPs Convergence of Requirements Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program First success after eight previous attempts

10. IORD Content Example Sea Surface Temperature (SST) • Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly precise measurement of the temperature of the surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water. It has two major applications: 1) sea surface phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no cloud decision for processed cloud data. The accompanying requirements apply only under clear conditions (unless specified otherwise).

11. - KPPs Environmental Data Records By Discipline LEGEND

12. NPOESS Program Vision The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team: Working in a spirit of shared ownership to develop and deploy the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental remote-sensing capability to meet next-generation civil and military needs Breaking the Mold! Thinking “Out of the Box” Working Together Creating Success The only thing they pay us for!

13. SSPR Responsibilities • Government and Contractor Share Risk • Open Communications Facilitate Insight Into Each Other’s Decisions • Integrated Management Framework (IMF) Improves Visibility • Large, Flexible Fee Pool • Approaches Commercial Returns • Meet Our Contractors Specific Motivators • Reflects Government Expectations • Success Defined As Meeting Requirements • Incentives Focus on Highest Program Risk -- Total System Integration and Performance Shared Ownership creates a Win/Win situation

14. Government Industry SSPR Responsibilities cont... Controls Performance Requirements Controls All Aspects of Design and Manufacture Manages SSPR Contractor Manages All Subcontractors and Associate Contractors Establishes Flexible, Positive Rewards Flow Rewards to All Teammates Teammates and Supplier Relations Established Early Flexible Teammate and Supplier Relationships Are Earn-on, Perform to Stay, Motivated to Innovate Ensures Industrial Base Is Maintained Business Relationships Based on Best Business Practices Open Communications through IMF Open Communications through IMF

15. NPOESS Acquisition and Operation • Acquisition and Operation (A&O) Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW for $4.5B • A&O Contract consists of: • 6 satellites • Taking over all government instrument contracts • Buying all “leveraged” instruments • Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT) • Building and deploying all ground systems • C3 and data retrieval • Data processing hardware and software • Software for worldwide users • Operating system through IOC (2011) • With option to 2018

16. NPOESS Payloads NPOESS Instruments TBD METOP NPP 0930 0530 0930 1330 1030 IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X X X X (AVHRR) X Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)* X X X (IASI/HIRS) X Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) X GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM) Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X X X (AMSU/MHS) X ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X X X Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X X X X Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X Radar altimeter (ALT) X Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) X * Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite

17. CMIS - μwave imager VIIRS - vis/IR imager CrIS - IR sounder ATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozone GPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collection SESS - space environment APS - aerosol polarimeter SARSAT - search & rescue TSIS - solar irradiance ERBS - Earth radiation budget ALT - altimeter NPOESS Satellite CMIS ATMS CrIS VIIRS OMPS ERBS NPOESS 1330 Configuration Single satellite design with common sensor locations

18. Instruments inDevelopment/Production Phase Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS) ITT Industries Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon SBRS Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Boeing Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace

19. Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite

20. VIIRS Design

21. Rotating Telescope VisNIR/DNB FPA SWMWIR & LWIR Dewar Half Angle Mirror FMA Imager Compact, All Reflective Optical Design Minimizes Stray Light

22. VIIRS Data Characteristics

23. Ocean surface wind field and cloud imagery All Weather Imaging Precipitation Measurement Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder

24. Hurricane warm core temperature anomaly Cross-track Infrared Sounder

25. TDRSS GPS Space Segment 1330 NPP Residual Satellites 1730 2130 ADCS Launch Support Segment SARSAT Field Terminal Segment CLASS Supplied by NOAA Supplied by NASA ADS SDS NAVO FNMOC AFWA NESDIS Data Handling Node Front End Processor Interface Data Processing Segment NPOESS Segment Architecture Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD WSCLEO&A Backup T&C 15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites MMC at Schriever Alternate Operations Team MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team C3 Segment

26. NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo • NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002 • Instrument Risk Reduction • Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test • VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO) • CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO) • ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA) • Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch • Ground System Risk Reduction • Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements • Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products • Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch • Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch • Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions

27. Spacecraft • ATMS • Ground Support • Equipment • VIIRS • CrIS The NPP System IPO Antenna Location X Launch Support Segment (LSS) • Launch vehicle • Launch support • Payload Processing • support Command, Control & Communication Segment (C3S) Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) • Manage Mission (joint funding) • Manage Satellite Operations • Space/Ground Comm • Data Routing & Retrieval Science Data Segment (SDS) • Ingest and validate raw SMD • Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs • Perform operations cal proc • Provide data records to • Centrals, SDS & ADS • Ingest and validate RDRs • Process RDRs to Level 1B • Generate climate data • products • Perform science cal proc • Provide Climate data to ADS Archive & Distribution Segment (ADS) • Ingest & validate data records • Manage archive • Interface with users • Generate user products • Track user orders • Generate accounting reports -NOAA Funding • IPO Funding • NASA Funding

28. Calibration Validation Mission Success • Absolute Accuracy • Polarization Purity • Geolocation Accuracy • Instrument Stability • Doppler Correction • Antenna Pattern Correction • Ocean Wind Speed • Water Vapor • Cloud Water • Rain Rate • Sea Ice • Soil Moisture • Snow water • Land Temp • Lower Air Profiles • Upper Air Profiles Ensures • Meet Specification • Operational production of synoptic maps and profiles of critical atmospheric, oceanographic and land parameters • Quality Control Users • NWP • Real-time tactical • Non-tactical • JTWC • NHC • JIC • Others Calibration/Validation To tie it all together and make it work….

29. IDPS ProductsEnvironmental Data Records Cloud Top Heights VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite Cloud Layers Total Precipitable Water Surface Temperature Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel Locations

30. Environmental Observing Natural Hazards Detection and Mapping Ozone Monitoring Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation Snow and Ice Mapping and Monitoring All Weather Imaging Precipitation Measurement

31. Protect Safety of Life and PropertyImprove Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding products will improve prediction of wind speed and direction Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill will save an estimated $1 million per mile of coastline that does not have to be evacuated Improved early warnings mitigate the devastating effects of floods through disaster planning and response

32. Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and property NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings Improved forecasts will Reduce loss of life and property benefit US industry through increased productivity NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate monitoring and assessment NPOESS Benefits the Nation

33. Each satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per day RDRs – Raw Data Records SDRs – Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocated EDRs – Environmental Data Records – products NPP will not have direct broadcast NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will make electronic data transfers attractive. Distribution of NPP and NPOESS data to the Asia Pacific region could be a major new EO-WG objective. If there is interest in this the requirement for NPP and NPOESS data needs to be expressed to the national representatives of the GEO. Additional COnsiderations