AIM: How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism?

1. AIM: How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism? • DO NOW- • Judaism Pre-test: • 1. The Jews believe in: • One God b. A trinity of Gods c. That there is no God but many prophets • 2. The land that the Jews feel that they are destined to inherit is: • Egypt b. Israel c. Jordan • 3. The Jewish house of worship is called a: • mosque b. synagogue c. stupa • 4. During World War II, millions of Jews were killed in an event known as the: • Diaspora b. Holocaust c. Battle of Britain • 5. The most sacred book of the Jews is called the: • Ramayana b. New Testament c. Torah

2. Are Jews a religious group or an ethnic group?Turn & Talk DiscussionREMINDER: USE ACCOUNTABLE TALK!

3. How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism? • “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me.” In the Hebrew Bible, God speaks these words to Moses to explain a belief that set the Israelites apart from all other people of the ancient world at that time. Instead of worshipping many gods, the Israelites prayed to just one God for guidance and patience.

4. *NOTES* JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in 1400 B.C.E which became the first monotheistic belief system. (monotheism-ONE GOD) IMPORTANT FIGURES: Abraham- first Hebrew to make a covenant with God; father of monotheism 2. Moses- messenger of God (prophet) who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and was given the Ten Commandments 3. King David & his son Solomon- created a Jewish empire and built the city of Jerusalem

5. *NOTES* Torah- holy book Ten Commandments- law code Monotheism - 1 God Sabbath- holy day is Saturday Synagogue or temple- house of worship JUDAISM Important days: Hannukah, Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah Kosher food (no pork or shellfish) Orthodox, Conservative or Reformed

6. The Dead Sea Scrolls • Why do you think the Dead Sea Scrolls were considered an important find? • Why might someone have decided to store these scrolls in a cave?

7. The Ten Commandments

8. Ten Commandments Code of Hammurabi Same

9. Discussion Questions • What ideas do you have about the religion of Judaism? • What information have you seen or read about the religion or about people who are Jews? • Why do you think it is important to know something about Judaism? • How might the religion of Judaism affect the lives of people who are not Jews? • What similarities or differences do you see between Judaism and Christianity? Islam? Buddhism? Hinduism?

10. Exit Slip: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper. MINIMUM OF 7 SENTENCES. • What types of challenges did the Israelites face in ancient times? • Why do you think many Jews feel it is important to remember the challenges faced by the ancient Israelites? • Do you think Jews today might face any similar challenges as they practice their faith in the modern world? Explain.

11. AIM: In what ways were religion and society intertwined in ancient India? Do Now: PBS Video: The Mahabharata http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/10.html#mahabharata Discussion Question: What role does the Mahabharata play in Indian history? What are some other cultures’ epic stories?

12. Turn & Talk with Partner: • Define Reincarnation. Why do you believe some people believe in it?

13. The Beliefs of Hinduism Develop • Hinduism – • No single founder • No single sacred text • Process began with Aryans and Indus civilization • One of the world’s most complex religions

14. One Force Underlies Everything • Hindu belief that everything is part of the unchanging, all-powerful spiritual force called brahman • Variety of Hindu gods who give concrete form to brahman

15. Hindu Gods Vishnu the Preserver Brahma the Creator Shiva the destroyer

16. Sacred Texts Reveal Hindu Beliefs • Vedas – sacred texts where Hindu teachings were recorded • Upanishads – section of the Vedas that address mystical questions related to Hinduism

17. Achieving Moksha Is the Goal of Life • Atman – an essential self • Moksha – union with brahman, ultimate goal of existence. To do so, individuals must free themselves from selfish desires. • Reincarnation – rebirth of the soul into another bodily form. Allows people to continue working toward moksha through several lifetimes • Karma – all actions of a person’s life that affect his or her fate in the next life • Dharma – the religious and moral duties of an individual • Ahimsa – nonviolence

18. The Caste System • Castes – social groups into which people are born and which can rarely be changed.

19. Complex Rules Uphold the Caste System • Caste was closely linked to Hindu beliefs • Higher classes were closer to moksha • Web of complex caste rules • “untouchables” (dalits) – considered impure

20. Caste Affects the Social Order • Ensures a stable social order • Karma determined their caste – could reach a higher status in the future by fulfilling their duties • A sense of identity and interdependence • Over time, many additional castes and subcastes evolved.

21. AIM: How did Buddhism develop in India? Do Now: (Review from yesterday’s class) In what ways were religion and society intertwined in ancient India?

22. Agree or disagree… ‘Pain is caused by desire’. What does this phrase mean to you? Do you agree or disagree? Why/why not?

23. Key Concepts • I. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama • Buddha – “enlightened one” • II. Goal of Buddhists is to achieve Nirvana • Ending reincarnation and stopping the cycle of death and rebirth.

24. Birth place of Buddha

25. Images of Buddha

26. Four Noble Truths 1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2. The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hatred and desire. 3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirtue. 4. The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path.

27. The Eightfold Path The way to rid yourself of desire and hatred.

28. Buddhism Spreads Beyond India • Collecting the Buddha’s teachings = Tripitaka“Three Baskets of Wisdom” • Buddhism spreads and divides = missionaries and traders • Sects (subgroups) – • Theravada – closely follows Buddha’s teachings (monks and nuns) = Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia • Mahayana – easier for ordinary people to follow = China, Tibet, Korea and Japan • Buddhism slowly declined in India

29. Prayer Wheels

30. Buddhist Monks

31. Buddhism in Action

32. Group Work • Why did the Buddha believe that to begin the Eightfold Path a person had to have a proper view of The Middle Way and the Four Noble Truths? • What does Buddha mean by the idea of “right intention”? In other words, is it a specific set of actions or a way of life? • If moral behavior is not commanded by a god or by an outside authority, how are human beings supposed to behave ethically?  • Analyze and discuss whether the First Noble Truth is a pessimistic assessment of the human condition. • Compare and contrast the Eightfold Path to practices in other traditions such as Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.   • Examine and discuss whether you believe it possible to attain Nirvana. • Discuss the most important idea that you learned from this lesson.

33. Let’s Summarize… Hinduism Buddhism

34. Aim: How did Confucius create a harmonious society? Do Now: Create a timeline of the Chinese dynasties and important events we have discussed concerning Ancient China so far this year.

35. Confucianism • A philosophy that originated in China around 520 B.C.E by Kong Fuzi (Confucius)

36. Confucius’ teachings were gathered together by his students into a book called The Analects, which means “The selected sayings” The book is a list of morals, wise statements, and questions that Confucius was asked by his followers with the answers he gave The Analects

37. People should try to act with… Ren: Goodness and Humanity Li: Propriety and Respect And these can only be achieved through education. People should also practice… Filial Piety: Respect for one’s rulers, parents, elders, and spouse If people practice these things, order will prevail The Tenets of Confucianism

38. Five Relationships

39. Spread of Confucianism • All regions of China were influenced by Confucius. • Created a very traditional society • Confucianism spread to Korea, Vietnam and Japan

40. Confucius Says…. By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. Put this quote into your own words.

41. Confucius Says…. When we see persons of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see persons of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves. Put this quote into your own words.

42. Confucius Says…. The Master said about government, “Encourage the people to work hard by setting an example yourself. Do not allow your efforts to slacken.” Put this quote into your own words.

43. Confucius was the founder of the modern ideal that all people deserve an education and a chance to govern, not just the noble class. Confucius started the system of going to school throughout your childhood to prepare for a few tests that would determine your status and occupation for the rest of your life. Confucianism was the official Chinese philosophy from 206 B.C.E. to 1912 C.E., and it is still considered the backbone of Chinese culture. How Confucianism Has Affected Our World

44. Exit-Summary: How did Confucius create a harmonious society?

45. AIM: What are the main tenets of Daoism and Legalism? DO NOW: Answer the following questions based on your notes from last class: -Who was Confucius? -What are the main tenets of Confucianism? -What is filial piety?

46. #1DAOISM – (Taoism)Chinese philosophy created to help restore harmony & peace during the fall of the Zhou Dynasty “BE STILL LIKE A MOUNTAIN & FLOW LIKE A RIVER.”

47. #2 LAOZI - Founder of Daoism

48. #3 YING YANG- Daoist symbol that represents the delicate balance of nature. YING YANG

49. #4 SAGE- A PERSON WHO GAINS WISDOM

50. #5 ACUPUNCTURE- treating disease using fine needles inserted into specific points in the body. According to Daoists, these needles help to restore the balance of Ying and Yang in the body. (restores health)