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French Revolution

French Revolution. Setting the Stage. 1789-1799 (coming of Napoleon) Key phrase: “ Liberty, Equality, Fraternity ” How does this indicate Enlightenment ideology? Spark: Louis XVI’s need for tax money after American Revolution. Calling of the Estates General.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. Setting the Stage • 1789-1799 (coming of Napoleon) • Key phrase: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” • How does this indicate Enlightenment ideology? • Spark: Louis XVI’s need for tax money after American Revolution

  3. Calling of the Estates General • France’s version of Parliament • hasn’t been called since Louis XIV’s reign--why? • called for new tax

  4. Calling the Estates General

  5. Problem: Voting Rights and Inequality • 1st Estate: Clergy • 200,000 ppl (1%); 1 vote in EG; 2% income tax; 20% land • 2nd Estate: Nobility • 600,000 ppl (2%); 1 vote in EG; 0% income tax; 10% land • 3rd Estate: bourgeoisie, merchants, artisans, peasants, serfs • 2,500,000 ppl (97%); 1 vote in EG; 50% income tax; 70% land • Obvious inequalities have 3rd Estate MAD!

  6. Formation of National Assembly • Due to inequality, 3rd Estate (with some 1st and 2nd) form the National Assembly • opposed by 1st and 2nd Estates • locked out of building--meet at a local tennis court and take the Tennis Court Oath, promising to meet until new constitution is written and accepted

  7. Storming of the Bastille • following EG and bad harvests, as well as ticked off with traditional powers, peasants storm the Bastille, a French prison in Paris • take it and free prisoners • led to Declaration of Rights... • Sig: successful attack on Old Regime

  8. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen • written by National Assembly • very similar to American Declaration of Independence • NOT a constitution but a list of beliefs and principles • Enlightenment ideas • Women left out (later addressed by Olympe de Gouges)

  9. Women’s March • bread march • march from Paris to Versailles, make Louis XVI prisoner We want the baker, the baker’s wife, and the baker’s boy!

  10. Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Clergy had to accept loyalty to France, not pope • take some Church lands

  11. 1791 Constitution • “Accepted” by King Louis • makes France a Constitutional Monarchy on the lines of England • later, King Louis XVI tries to escape--radicals see this as opposition and a new phase of the revolution occurs

  12. Radicalization of the Revolution • after Louis’s flight, calls by radicals to end monarchy • Jacobins: radicals; king could/would not guarantee liberties • Danton, Marat, Robespierre • Declaration of Pilnitz • HRE, Austria say that France MUST keep Louis--probably signed his death warrant by doing so • France declared war

  13. Radicalization • Louis and Marie-Antoinette executed 1793 • Revolutionaries turn on themselves: Reign of Terror • Robespierre and Committee on Public Safety • New Symbols, New Calendar, New Fashion, New Technology, New beliefs, executions (16-50,000)

  14. Death of Marat

  15. Committee on Public Safety • nationalistic--good of the country (Rousseau, general will) • levee en masse--nationwide draft, huge armies • led by Robespierre • had Danton executed--opposition, thought R was going too far

  16. Notre Dame as “Temple of Reason”

  17. Sans-Culottes • New fashion of the revolutionaries • no more knee breeches

  18. Conservative Reaction • 1794, belief that Robespierre/CPS has gone too far • R executed • Directory takes over • oligarchic • conservative • corrupt • led to Napoleon (1799)

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