Religion and Reform: Society and Culture in the Antebellum Era, 1820-1860

1. Religion and Reform: Society and Culture in the Antebellum Era, 1820-1860

2. Question for the Day� How did the political and economic changes of the early nineteenth century influence everyday people�s involvement in religious movements and reform efforts?

3. Key Movements Second Great Awakening

4. Revival Meeting in Kentucky

5. The 2nd Great Awakening �The roar was like the roar of Niagara. The vast sea of human beings seemed to be agitated as if by a storm. I counted seven ministers, all preaching at one time, some on stumps, others on wagons�.Some of the people were singing, others praying, some crying for mercy.� James Finley (1802)

6. Charles FinneyLeader of the 2nd Great Awakening

7. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism

8. Leading Transcendentalists

9. Walden �It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them�by the words necessary of life, I mean whatever, of all that man obtains by his own exertions, had been from the first, or from long use has become, so important to human life that few�ever attempt to do without it.� Henry David Thoreau

10. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements

11. Communal movements�utopian communities that were organized separately from mainstream society

12. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements Shakers

13. Shaker Community in Maine �Like all Shaker communities, the settlement at Poland Hill, Maine, painted by Joshua H. Bussell around 1850, was built on a regular gridlike plan. There was a large dwelling for communal living, surrounded by various workshops and farm buildings. The design of the architecture, like that of Shaker furniture, was plain and sparse� (Henretta concise, 360)�Like all Shaker communities, the settlement at Poland Hill, Maine, painted by Joshua H. Bussell around 1850, was built on a regular gridlike plan. There was a large dwelling for communal living, surrounded by various workshops and farm buildings. The design of the architecture, like that of Shaker furniture, was plain and sparse� (Henretta concise, 360)

14. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements Shakers Oneida community

15. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements Shakers Oneida community Mormonism

16. Joseph SmithFounder of Mormonism

17. Mormon Migration

18. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements Shakers Oneida community Mormonism Abolitionism

19. William Lloyd GarrisonAbolitionist and Author of The Liberator

20. Abolitionist Strategies Appeal to public�s conscience

21. Appeal to the Conscience

22. Abolitionist Strategies Appeal to public�s conscience Assist escaped slaves

23. Abolitionist Strategies Appeal to public�s conscience Assist escaped slaves Seek support from legislators

24. Frederick Douglass and John Brown

25. Key Movements Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Communal movements Shakers Oneida community Mormonism Abolitionism Women�s rights

26. Abolitionism and Women�s Rights

27. Argument Against Women�s Rights

28. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

29. Summary Political and economic changes inspired thousands of men and women to rethink their own roles within society (e.g. Transcendentalism, communalism) Others reached out to reform society and make it a better place for everyone, particularly groups that were discriminated against (e.g. abolitionism, women�s rights)