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1 st Battle of Bull Run

1 st Battle of Bull Run. The Battle of Manassas. Call to Arms. Two days after Ft. Sumter, Lincoln issues proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers Volunteers agree to serve for 3 months in order to put down the rebellion in the south

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1 st Battle of Bull Run

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  1. 1st Battle of Bull Run The Battle of Manassas

  2. Call to Arms • Two days after Ft. Sumter, Lincoln issues proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers • Volunteers agree to serve for 3 months in order to put down the rebellion in the south • Lincoln got more than enough volunteers, but 4 more states seceded in response

  3. Background • “On to Richmond” • After losing Ft. Sumter, Union forces wanted to take the capital of the CSA. • Wanted to take Richmond, Virginia • 39,000 Union Soldiers marched to Richmond • Brigadier General Irvin McDowell

  4. Background • Goal – • To capture the Virginia railroad line at Manassas Junction

  5. Background • 21,000 Confederate troops • Led by Hero of Ft. Sumter • Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard • 11,000 additional troops • Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston • Reinforce Beauregard

  6. Picnicking at the Battle Ground • People carried picnic baskets and champagne • Brought binoculars to view the action more closely • Believed the battle would not last long • No doubt that the Northern army would easily overpower the Rebels

  7. The Fight Begins • July 21, 1861 • Manassas Junction, Virginia • Near Bull Run Creek • 30 miles west of Washington D.C.

  8. Fighting • Union Forces, led by McDowell cross Bull Run Creek and attack the Rebels • Troops were undisciplined, inadequately trained, and poorly equipped. • Officers had little experience leading large armies

  9. Fighting Continues • At First, • Union army successfully pushed back the left side of the Confederate Army • Confederates Rally • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • He held “Like a Stone Wall.”

  10. Reinforcements • Confederates receive reinforcements • Push the tired Union troops back toward Bull Run Creek • Union Retreats • Began as an orderly retreat • Army runs into hundreds of onlookers • Picnickers panicked and got in the way of retreating soldiers

  11. Battle Outcome • The Rebels troops defeated the Union forces • They won the first major battle in the war • The Union hope of winning the war quickly disapeared • Proved both armies needed training

  12. Outcome Continued • Union General Winfield Scott retires • General George McClellan appointed to lead the Union Army • Takes time to train the army

  13. Casualties • North • 2,896 Casualties • 460 Killed • 1,124 Wounded • 1,312 Missing • South • 1,982 Casualties • 387 Killed • 1,582 Wounded • 13 Missing

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