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Green Mark

Green Mark. b y Irene Yong 16 th May 2013. Contents. Green Mark Version 4.1 Mandatory Requirements ( NRB ) Chiller Plant Efficiency Air Distribution System Efficiency Measurement & Verification Lighting Power Budget Energy Efficiency Index Energy Modelling Quiz

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Green Mark

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  1. Green Mark by Irene Yong 16th May 2013

  2. Contents • Green Mark Version 4.1 Mandatory Requirements (NRB) • Chiller Plant Efficiency • Air Distribution System Efficiency • Measurement & Verification • Lighting Power Budget • Energy Efficiency Index • Energy Modelling • Quiz • * You are welcome to ask questions midway during the presentation

  3. Green Mark Version 4.1 Non Residential Building

  4. Green Mark Version 4.1 – Mandatory Requirements Non-Residential

  5. Green Mark Version 4.1 – Mandatory Requirements Non Residential • INSTRUMENTATION for monitoring the water cooled chilled water plant efficiency including • Flowmeters for Chilled Water and Condenser Water Headers • Temperature sensors for CHWS, CHWR, CWS, CWR • Additional thermowellsto be placed on both sides of each temperature sensor • Power meters for individual chillers • Power meters for CHWPs, CWPs, CT • Refer to Green Mark criteria for instrumentation accuracy • Refer to Design Manual for flowmeter placement recommendation

  6. Green Mark Criteria – Pre-Requisites Non-Residential Water cooled Chiller Plant Air-Cooled System

  7. Green Mark Criteria – Pre-Requisites Non Residential For Green Mark Platinum Only Ventilation simulation modeling and analysis to identify most effective building design and layout to achieve good natural ventilation • Applicable for Non Air Con space > 10% of total floor area • Common Areas and Carparks are excluded • Include habitable spaces identified as Naturally Ventilated such as workshops, classrooms, offices, laboratories, etc.

  8. Green Mark Criteria – Pre-Requisites Codes & Standards • Code of Envelope Thermal Performance for Buildings • SS530 – CP for Energy Efficiency Standard for Building Services & Equipment • SS531-1 – CP for Lighting of Work Places - Indoor • SS553 – CP for Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings • SS554 – CP for Indoor Air Quality for Air Conditioned Buildings • SS CP 38 – CP for Artificial Lighting in Buildings (for RB) • AHRI Standard 550/590 – Performance Rating of Water Chilling Packages using the Vapour Compression Cycle • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140 – Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs • ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 – Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings • ASHRAE Guideline 22 – Instrumentation for Monitoring Central Chilled Water Plant Efficiency

  9. Burning Questions?

  10. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  11. Chiller Plant Efficiency Water-Cooled Chiller Plant Building cooling load - not each chiller cooling capacity! Design System Efficiency – not full load efficiency!

  12. Chiller Plant Efficiency • Water cooled chiller plant equipment include: • Chillers • Chilled Water Pumps (Primary & Secondary) • Condenser Water Pumps • Cooling Towers

  13. Chiller Plant Efficiency Baseline – Chiller (at full load) Refer to Table 2 SS 530 Q1: Do you know how to convert COP to kW/RT?

  14. Chiller Plant Efficiency Baseline – Chilled Water Pumps & Condenser Water Pumps Refer to Clause 10.5.1.1 in SS553 Q2: Do you know how to convert kW/m3/s to kW/RT?

  15. Chiller Plant Efficiency Baseline – Cooling Towers Refer to Table 3 of SS530 Q3: Do you know which type of cooling tower you will be using? Q4: Do you know how to convert L/s.kW to kW/RT?

  16. Chiller Plant Efficiency Cooling Towers

  17. Chiller Plant Efficiency Perform E-20 Cooling Load Calculation Input Chiller Part Load Performance into E-20

  18. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  19. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  20. Chiller Plant Efficiency Perform E-20 Cooling Load Calculation Define whether CHWP, CWP, CT is operating on VSD, control strategies and control head Input Chiller Part Load Performance into E-20 Input CHWP, CWP & Cooling Tower Performance into E-20

  21. Chiller Plant Efficiency – Chilled Water Pumps

  22. Chiller Plant Efficiency – Condenser Water Pump & Cooling Tower

  23. Chiller Plant Efficiency Perform E-20 Cooling Load Calculation Define whether CHWP, CWP, CT is operating on VSD, control strategies and control head Input Chiller Part Load Performance into E-20 Input CHWP, CWP & Cooling Tower Performance into E-20 Run Cooling Load Simulation

  24. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  25. Chiller Plant Efficiency Perform E-20 Cooling Load Calculation Define whether CHWP, CWP, CT is operating on VSD, control strategies and control head Input Chiller Part Load Performance into E-20 Input CHWP, CWP & Cooling Tower Performance into E-20 Design kW/RT = 1 year energy consumption (kWh) 1 year cooling load (tonhr) Run Cooling Load Simulation Obtain total Cooling Load tonnage & Energy Consumption for 1 year

  26. Chiller Plant Efficiency Worked Example: Chiller Plant Energy Consumption per year = Σ (Chillers + CHWP + CWP + Cooling Tower) Energy Consumption per year = 1,466,414 + 71,979 + 109,333 + 64,264 kWh/year = 1,711,990 kWh/year Building Cooling Load = 10,014,360 kWh/year = 2,847,415 Rtonhr/ year Design System Efficiency for Chiller Plant = 1,711,990 kWh / 2,847,415 Rtonhr = 0.601 kW/Ton Green Mark Platinum

  27. Chiller Plant Efficiency Q5: How to compute the points for NRB 1-2? Answer: For Building Cooling Load < 500RT 12 points for meeting prescribed chilled water plant efficiency of 0.8 kW/RT + 0.45 point for every % improvement in chilled water plant efficiency over baseline of 0.8 kW/RT For Building Cooling Load ≥ 500RT 15 points for meeting prescribed chilled water plant efficiency of 0.7 kW/RT + 0.25 point for every % improvement in chilled water plant efficiency over baseline of 0.7 kW/RT

  28. Chiller Plant Efficiency • E.g. Assuming cooling load > 500RT • Chiller Plant Efficiency = 0.601 kW/RT • For meeting prescribed chiller plant efficiency baseline (0.7 kW/RT) = 15 points • Improvement over baseline efficiency • (0.7 – 0.601) kW/RT x 100% = 14% improvement • 0.7 kW/RT • For improvement over baseline = 0.25 x 14(%) = 3.5 points Total points scored = 15 + 3.5 = 18.5 points

  29. Chiller Plant Efficiency Important Notes: • Obtain the chiller part load efficiency curve for the chillers from the supplier to input into E-20 • Plot the baseline chiller part load performance by extrapolating and drawing a line parallel to the proposed chiller part load performance • Baseline CHWS/ CHWR temperature is 6.7oC/ 12.2oC • Baseline CWS/ CWR temperature is 29.5oC/ 35oC • All pumps > 15kW shall be installed with VSD • Obtain CHWP/ CWP/ CT power consumption input from the suppliers. Use MOTOR POWER INPUT! • Remember to select variable speed pump if using VSD, and input the control head Q6: What is the control head?

  30. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  31. Chiller Plant Efficiency

  32. Air Distribution System Efficiency

  33. Air Distribution System Efficiency Option 1: Use Fan Nameplate Motor Refer to SS553 Table 2 Q7: What does it mean by “no baseline”?

  34. Air Distribution System Efficiency Option 2: Use Motor Input Power Refer to ASHRAE 90.1 Clause 6.5.3.1 Q8: What if the baseline for fan < 4kW exceeds 0.17 W/cmh?

  35. Air Distribution System Efficiency Calculation of points for air distribution system Overall air system improvement = (0.52 – 0.474)/ 0.52 X 100% = 8.85% Point score = 0.2 x (% improvement) = 0.2 x 8.85 = 1.77 points

  36. Air Distribution System Efficiency Important Notes: • Use motor nameplate rating for Option 1 and motor input power for Option 2 based on equipment selection from supplier. • Air distribution fan system > 11kW motor shall be installed with VSD • Baseline for a VAV system shall be VAV (not CAV), i.e. simulation of baseline air system must allow the fan to regulate at lower speed during part load • Installing a VSD for the fan system and operating at fixed speed or 2 speed does not make it a VAV system. Q8: Why is the baseline for VAV system higher than CAV system?

  37. Measurement & Verification

  38. Measurement & Verification Mandatory requirement for all new buildings > 2,000m2 Instrumentation to measure & verify chiller plant efficiency: • Flowmeter: • To measure chilled water flowrate at Chilled water header and condenser water header • Utrasonic or full bored magnetic flowmeter • Ultrasonic flowmeter location – 10D upstream and 5D downstream • Magnetic flowmeter location – 5D upstream and 2D downstream Ultrasonic Flowmeter Magnetic Flowmeter

  39. Measurement & Verification • Temperature Sensors: • To measure CHWS, CHWR, CWS, CHWR temperature at chilled water header and condenser water header • Location of instruments as per manufacturer recommendation for stable measurement • Temperature sensors must be in direct contact with fluid • Additional 2 nos. spare thermowells at both sides of each temperature sensor for verification • Accuracy ±0.05oC or better Temperature sensor - Thermistor Thermowell

  40. Measurement & Verification • Data Acquisition System • Shall have a minimum resolution of 16-bit (measuring chiller plant performance) • Shall have the capability to trend at 1 minute sampling time interval • Digital Power Meters • Each chiller • Each group of chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps and cooling towers • For other equipment, refer to SS553 requirements

  41. Measurement & Verification The installed instrumentation shall have the capability to calculate the resultant chilled water plant efficiency within ± 5% of the true value.

  42. Measurement & Verification Worked Example: The combined uncertainty for ΔT is computed based on the root-sum square formula with ΔT assumed to be 5.5oC

  43. Measurement & Verification Worked Example: An additional 1% to be included in the computation of measurement errors for flow meter

  44. Measurement & Verification Worked Example: Uncertainty of power measurement system shall include that of the current transformer, where applicable

  45. Measurement & Verification Worked Example: Error = √(Σ(UN)2) = √(1.32 + 22 + 12) = 2.6% The total uncertainly for the chiller plant efficiency is 2.6%, which falls within the 5% of the true value.

  46. Lighting Power Budget

  47. Lighting Power Budget • Equipment Schedule & Fittings Schedule • Lighting Schedules

  48. Lighting Power Budget – Lux Plots

  49. Lighting Power Budget Calculations – Lighting Power Budget • Input from M&E / Lighting Consultants • Schedule of light fittings • Quantities, power consumption, ballast lost, for each light fitting for both interior and exterior (including façade lighting) • Input from Architect • Area take-off Reference is SS530. If not available in SS530, seek agreement to use ASHRAE 90.1. Otherwise, no savings considered if there’s no reference LPB in either code

  50. Lighting Power Budget Calculations – Lighting Power Budget • Input from M&E/ Lighting Consultants • Schedule of light fittings • Quantities, power consumption, ballast lost, for each light fitting for both interior and exterior (including façade lighting) • Input from Architect • Area take-off No savings but need to keep below 5% total interior lights including residential units (assume 6.5W/m2)

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