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Pest Management

Pest Management. Definition and History. 10 000 Species of Insects damaging world food plants. 30 000 species of weeds. 100 000 diseases. US$ 500 BILLION. 1000 species of nematodes. 30 000 species of weeds. 100 000 diseases. 13.2 %. 42.1% lost. 13.3 %. 1000 species of nematodes.

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Pest Management

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  1. Pest Management Definition and History

  2. 10 000 Species of Insects damaging world food plants

  3. 30 000 species of weeds 100 000 diseases US$ 500 BILLION 1000 species of nematodes

  4. 30 000 species of weeds 100 000 diseases 13.2 % 42.1% lost 13.3 % 1000 species of nematodes 15.6 %

  5. Pest management History • Era of traditional approaches (ancient-1938) • Era of pesticides (1939-1962) • Era of integrated pest management (1963-now)

  6. Era of traditional approaches

  7. Era of pesticides DDT discovered In 1939 2,4-D discovered In 1939 Paul Muller (Nobel Prize 1948)

  8. Era of pesticides The ‘green revolution’

  9. At least 3 million workers poisoned each year 20 000 deaths per year Teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects Era of pesticides

  10. Era of pesticides 99% 1%

  11. Era of pesticides ~100% of us have some insecticide residue in our bodies

  12. Era of IPM 1993: US government sets goal of 75% of crop land under IPM by 2000. 2002: 70% of US acreage under some level of IPM

  13. Era of IPM

  14. Pesticide use Rice Production Era of IPM Rice production Pesticide use 1984 1986 1988 1990

  15. IPM concept (1972) • Integrated control. • Pest management and Economic injury level. • Environmental protection

  16. IPM Definition IPM is a sustainable approach that combines the use of prevention, avoidance, monitoring and suppression strategies in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks. (US Department of Agriculture, 1998).

  17. Constrains in IPM Implementation • Institutional constrains • Informational constrains • Sociological constrains • Economic constrains • Political constrains

  18. Strategies for IPM implementation • Farmer participation • Government support • Legislative measures • Institutional infrastructure • Awareness

  19. Cotton IPM:A case from Peru • Use of insecticides after 2nd WW. • Insecticide resistance in the 1950s. • Secondary pests. • Reduction of natural enemies. • IPM implementation rescued cotton. • Currently pest problems are returning due to relaxed IPM

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