Pest Management

1. Pest Management Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

2. Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest.

3. What is an insect? • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs • Body regions • head • thorax • abdomen

4. Types of Insects • The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. • Chewing • Piercing • Rasping • Siphoning • Sponging

5. Chewing Insects • Insects tear, chew or grind food • Examples • grasshopper • beetle

6. Piercing Insects • Punctures plant and sucks the sap

7. Rasping insect • Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap • Example • thrips

8. Siphoning insects • Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in • Example • butterfly

9. Sponging Insects • Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal • Example • housefly

10. Life Cycles • Complete metamorphosis has four stages • egg • larva-worms or caterpillars • pupa • adult-flies, beetles, etc.

11. Life Cycles • Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages • egg • nymph • Adult • Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

12. Life Cycles

13. Chewing Insects • Parts of leaves are eaten away • beetles • cutworms • caterpillars • grasshoppers

14. Chewing Insects • Beetles • eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts • Cutworms • usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

15. Chewing Insects • Caterpillars • larva of moths and butterflies • fuzzy or hairy • eat young leaves and stems • roll up in leaves making leaves curl • Grasshoppers • eat all parts of plants

16. Sucking Insects • Aphids • Leaf bugs • Mealy bugs • Scale • Thrips • Whiteflies

17. Aphids • Pierce and suck juices • known as plant lice • cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves • causes sticky substances and black mold • will attract ants

18. Aphids

19. Leaf Bugs • Cause plants to look unhealthy • plants will lose their normal color and wilt

20. Leaf Bugs

21. Mealy Bugs • Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

22. Mealy bugs

23. Scale • Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

24. Scale

25. Thrips • Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

26. Thrips

27. Whiteflies • Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing • will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

28. Whiteflies

29. Mites • Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots • severe infestations cause webbing

30. Mites

31. Plant Diseases

32. Objective 8.02 • Discuss diseases and viruses.

33. Diseases • A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent

34. Diseases • There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants • host plant • disease causing organism or pathogen must be present • favorable environment for disease organism to develop

35. Pathogens • There are four groups of pathogens • bacteria • fungi • viruses • parasitic plants (attach to plants) • mistletoe • dodder • lichens

36. Bacteria • Single celled microorganisms • Examples of common bacteria diseases: • Leaf spot • Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on leaves. • Blight • cause plant to quickly turn brown or black as if they had been burned

37. Blight

38. Leaf Spots

39. Fungi • Cannot make their own food • They develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the host plant • Many fungi are spread by spores.

40. Examples of common fungi diseases: • Damping off causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level. • Rust cause small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves. • Powdery mildew grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants • Galls are round swellings or growths usually on tree branches or leaves.

41. Damping off • A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at soil level

42. Damping Off

43. Rust • Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves

44. Rust

45. Mildew • Grows on leaf surfaces--both upper and lower--as white, gray or purple spots

46. Gall • Swellings or growths on plants

47. Viruses • Viruses are pathogens with an extremely narrow host range • Examples of common viruses: • Tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco. • Can be transfer from human hands of a smoker • Be sure to wash your hands before working with plants to control the spread of this virus • Cause leave to have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark to light green and yellow to white

48. Mosaic • Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white

49. Mosaic

50. Others Diseases