IHSS – Montreal, Canada September 2005

1. Enhancing Aircraft SurvivabilitythroughImplementation of Lightweight On-Board Inert Gas Generating Systems (OBIGGS) IHSS – Montreal, Canada September 2005 Classification Level – UNCLASSIFIED Briefing

2. Presentation Outline • Current Platforms with OBIGGS • Aircraft Survivability Chain • What is The Risk • Addressing The Risk • Comparative Review of Available Technologies • OBIGGS Technology Overview • Aircraft Parameters Drive OBIGGS Sizing • Non-Developmental OBIGGS Solutions • OBIGGS Maintenance and Logistics • Briefing Summary

3. OBIGGS Equipped Aircraft

4. Aircraft Survivability Chain • Avoid detection • Avoid engagement • Avoid damage • Crash worthiness OBIGGS

5. What Is The Risk • Fuel Tank Ullage – Explosive Mixture of Fuel-Rich Vapors and Air • Fuel vapor can cause catastrophic damage • 9 - 12% oxygen limit • Protect Against Enemy Ground Fire Threat • Protect Against Static/Electrical Discharge • Properly Address the Avoid Damage Segment of the Aircraft Survivability Chain

6. Typical Aircraft Survivability • Aircraft requirements call for ballistic tolerance. • Fuel System is always a major issue • Addresses the “Avoid Damage” segment of the Aircraft Survivability Chain • Self-sealing fuel tanks are typically implemented. • Does Not Provide a Complete Solution

7. Properly Addressing The Risk • Major Issue - Self-Sealing Fuel Tanks Not Sufficient • OBIGGS Required to Address Explosive Nature of Fuel Tank Vapors • High Aircraft Vulnerability based on Fuel Tank Volume and Location. • Requirements Need to Properly Address A Solution • Incorporate Wording for Self Sealing Tanks and Fuel Tank Vapor Protection • Vapor Protection Gets OBIGGS • Self-Sealing Fuel Tanks + OBIGGS = Full Protection!!

8. Reticulated Foam Flexible Lowers Fuel Tank Capacity Significant Weight Increase Maintenance Impact Take foam out problems Hazardous material disposal Degrades over time Halon Ozone-Depleting Chemical Logistics and Maintenance One time use Banned by Montreal Protocol Research for Friendly Options Liquid Nitrogen Weight Savings Over Foam Hazardous Major Logistics Impact Huge tail One time use Gaseous Nitrogen Heavier Than Liquid Higher Pressure - Safety OBIGGS Unlimited Nitrogen Supply Low Weight System Low Life Cycle Cost Negligible Logistics Impact Comparative Review ~ Available Technologies

9. Molecular Sieve OBIGGS Technology • Optimal Performance ~ Low Pressure 15-40 psig & Temp. 30-120 oF • Physical Separation ~ Not Chemical • Utilizes Molecular Sieve – Zeolite Crystal • Applies Pressure Swing Adsorption Process • Same Process used for On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)

10. Molecular Sieve OBIGGS Process PR/SO - press reducer shut-off valve

11. Molecular Sieve OBIGGS Process • Molecular Sieve In Concentrator Beds. • Cycling Valve Controls Charge and Vent • Pressure Swing Adsorbtion (PSA) Process • Step A: • Bed 1: Pressurize with air through inlet-- O2 adsorbed, N2 passes through check valve to outlet. • Bed 2: Exhaust, O2 desorbed & vented through inlet. • Step B: • Bed 1: Exhaust, O2 desorbed & vented through inlet. • Bed 2: Pressurize with air through inlet-- O2 adsorbed, N2 passes through check valve to outlet.

12. Hollow Fiber Membrane OBIGGS Technology • Optimal Performance ~ High Pressure (35-55 psig) & Temp. (160-200 oF) • Multiple Base Polymers • Physical Separation Process ~ Not Chemical • Selective Permeation Through Separating Layer HFM Inlet Air Check Valve Shut-Off Valve 93-99 % N2 Filter Oxygen Monitor Waste Gas

13. Aircraft Parameters Drive OBIGGS Sizing • Fuel Tank Capacity and Ullage • Initial Inerting Goal – Protection Time to Inert • Vent System Pressurization (Climb / Dive Valve Settings) • Rate of Descent • System Trades Drive Technology Selection and Requirements Compromise

14. Non-Developmental OBIGGS Solutions • Helicopter Applications • Attack/Combat Search & Rescue/Utility • Total Integrated Weight ~ 30 to 40 Pounds • Air Consumption ~ 1 Pound/Minute Maximum • Multi-Mission Cargo/Transport • Total Integrated Weight ~ 50 to 60 Pounds • Air Consumption ~ 2 Pound/Minute

15. Non-Developmental OBIGGS Solutions • Military Cargo/Transport Applications • Total Integrated Weight ~ 250 - 400 Pounds • Air Consumption ~ 7 - 16 Pounds/Minute • Implement Through Modular Air Separation Modules

16. OBIGGS Maintenance/Logistics • Operational to Depot Level Support • Inlet Air Filter – Only Scheduled Maintenance Action • Interval Approx. 1,000 Hour Interval • Include In Planned Aircraft Maintenance • 10-15 Minute Maintenance Action • No GSE or Special Tools Required • Estimated Yearly Support Costs/100 Aircraft • Based on 20 Operational Hours/Month/Aircraft • Less Than $1,000 Per Aircraft/Year

17. Briefing Summary • Critical to Address Explosive Nature of Fuel Tank Ullages. • Self-Sealing Fuel Tanks Does Not Completely Address Ballistic Tolerance • OBIGGS and Self-Sealing Fuel Tanks Are Complimentary • Incorporate Adequate Verbiage in Requirements Documents – Fuel Tank Vapor Protection • OBIGGS ~ Technically Feasible & Realistic for Today’s Aircraft

18. Thank You! Contact Information: Robert Demidowicz Business Development Manager Carleton Life Support Systems Telephone: 563-383-6310 E-Mail: rdemidowicz@carletonls.com