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The Rise and Fall of Prohibition: A Social Movement and Its Consequences

Explore the background, key figures, and impact of Prohibition in the 19th century. Learn about the Second Great Awakening, Temperance societies, and the efforts of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League. Discover the tactics of Carrie Nation and the passage of the Volstead Act. Dive into the challenges of enforcing Prohibition and the eventual repeal with the ratification of the 21st Amendment.

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The Rise and Fall of Prohibition: A Social Movement and Its Consequences

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  1. Prohibition

  2. 19th Century Background for Prohibition • Second Great Awakening sought to remake society in God's image. • This sentiment extended to civic life with the formation of thousands of Temperance societies. • Successful in reducing consumption and encouraging stricter state regulation of alcohol. Lyman Beecher was a famous social activist of the day who was particularly concerned about the negative impact of alcohol on society.

  3. Temperance Cartoons In the 1850 engraving, "The Drunkard's Home," a cowering family in a squalid home is subjected to the whims of a brutal patriarch.By contrast, the 1850 engraving, "The Temperance Home," depicts a scene of domestic harmony, order, affection, and material comfort.

  4. Temperance Cartoons The pair of 1855 illustrations, "Tree of Temperance" and "Tree of Intemperance," are rich with symbolic and literal depictions of the consequences of each lifestyle.

  5. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union • The WCTU fought for prohibition and progressive reform. • Frances Willard was the national president of the union from 1879 to 1898. • Focused on suffrage, the 8-hour work day, prison reform, and the Social Gospel.

  6. The Anti-Saloon League • The Anti-Saloon League focused only on the legal prohibition of alcoholic beverages. • Developed modern lobbying techniques. • Printed anti-drinking brochures, appealed to church members for support, and lobbied both lawmakers and businessmen. Members of the Anti-Saloon League meet in Chicago.

  7. Carrie Nation: The Saloon Smasher • Member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. • Known for bursting into barrooms, wielding a hatchet or hammer, and smashing the saloon. • Between 1900 and 1910, Nation was arrested some thirty times for her aggressive tactics.

  8. The Volstead Act • The 18th Amendment was ratified in 1919 and took effect in 1920. • The Volstead Act clarified the new rules surrounding prohibition. • President Wilson vetoed the Volstead Act on constitutional grounds. • His veto was overridden by Congress. Special stamps were required for medicinal liquors under the Volstead Act.

  9. "A Noble Experiment" • The sale, transport, and consumption of intoxicating beverages became illegal. • Many law-abiding Americans defied the regulations. • The black market for alcohol was a boon for organized crime. Detroit police discover a clandestine still

  10. Per capita consumption of alcohol (1910-1929)

  11. The 21st Amendment • Prohibition was unenforceable. • Many deaths occurred from bootleg liquor. • Political corruption increased. • Smuggling grew out of control. • During the Depression the potential jobs and tax revenue from the legalization of liquor increasingly attractive to struggling Americans. • Thus, in 1933, the noble experiment of Prohibition came to a close with the ratification of the 21st Amendment

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