El presente perfecto

1. El presente perfecto Español IV Capítulo 7

2. ¿Qué es el presente perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

3. Por ejemplo… • For example: • I have played tennis. • She has sung at weddings. • We have flown in a plane.

4. Para formar in inglés • To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle • For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” • “I” is the subject • “have” is the helping verb • “been” is the past participle

5. Para formar en español • In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar)with a past participle • For example: • Yo he bailado. I have danced. • Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. We haven’t studied for the test.

6. The present tense of haber

7. Remember… How to form the past participle: • For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado • For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido

8. Para formar… Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar:

9. Para formar… As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs)

10. …with the past participle of estudiar

11. Now you try… On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:

12. Is this what you came up with?

13. Let’s try another… Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar:

14. Is this what you got?

15. Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer:

16. Is this what you came up with?

17. Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir:

18. Is this what you came up with?

19. Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:

20. Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caído creer → creído leer → leído oír → oído reír → reído traer → traído

21. Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto

22. More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho

23. ¡Practicamos! See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1. ella / abrir Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado 3. Gonzalo / crecer Ha crecido

24. 4. Tú y tus amigos / reír Han reído ó habéis reído 5. Mis padres / hacer Han hecho 6. Tus abuelos / cubrir Han cubierto 7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir Han escrito

25. Y para más práctica… Now go to our class website, http://www.umich.edu/~brittas/sp3.htm, and do the exercises listed.