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Human Rights: Understanding, Protecting, and Advocating for Fundamental Freedoms

Explore the history, categories, and conflicts of human rights, and learn about fundamental freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom from torture. Discover the challenges faced by human rights defenders today, including asylum for refugees, LGBT rights, and gender equality.

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Human Rights: Understanding, Protecting, and Advocating for Fundamental Freedoms

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  1. Human Rights Population

  2. Population: Human Rights WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? • Fundamental rights that belong to every person, simply by being a human being. • Principles • Universality • Equality • Non-discrimination

  3. Population: Human Rights HISTORY • World War 2: Nazi atrocitiesagainst specific groupsof people. • United Nations founded in 1945 to maintain peace and promote Human Rights

  4. Population: Human Rights 30 HUMAN RIGHTS • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Do you know your rights?

  5. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM OF SPEECH • Article 19 UDHR: • “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers”

  6. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM OF SPEECH • This freedom can be limited: • Slander • Hate speech • Inciting violence • But only in some cases because the law also protects people against Government trying to silence them.

  7. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM FROM TORTURE • Article 5 UDHR: • “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”

  8. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM FROM TORTURE • Inflicting severe pain or suffering, whether mental or physical • To get information or to punish

  9. Population: Human Rights TORTURE EXAMPLE • The United States used torture on a large scale against terrorism suspects, claiming that suspects had given up their rights. • At the same timetheir prisonerswere also deniedthe Right to a Fair Trial and the Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty.

  10. Population: Human Rights MORE HUMAN RIGHTS • Life and Liberty / Slavery / Privacy • Education / Work / Leisure • Language! • No discrimination • Fair trial • Free speech • Education Dwi’nsiaradCymraeg!

  11. Population: Human Rights CATEGORIES OF RIGHTS • Absolute Rights can never be limited • Torture, slavery, discrimination • Limited Rights can be limited for certain cases • Liberty • Qualified Rights can be limited in some circumstances (state of emergency / war) • Education, expression

  12. Population: Human Rights HUMAN RIGHTS AT HOME • England & Wales: Human Rights Act (1998) • Same rights as the ECHR, but easier to protect • UK Court will decide if a right was violated • After that you could go higher up to the European Court of Human Rights • 20,000 cases from 47 countries • 1500 UK cases per year, 10 guilty verdicts

  13. Population: Human Rights HUMAN RIGHTS CONFLICTS IN THE UK • Security vs Privacy • Art. 3: Life, liberty and securityGovernment has to stop terrorists • Art. 12: Privacy, family, home and correspondenceGovernment can’t intercept your communication • Our safety is important, but so are our rights, so where do we draw the line?

  14. Population: Human Rights FUTURE CHALLENGES • Asylum for refugees: Some people flee countries with terrible human rights, but they are not always welcome in other countries • LGBT rights: Often LGBT individuals are discriminated against and lack rights • Gender rights: to equal employment, equal pay, equal access, etc.

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