NOUNS (people, places, things)

1. NOUNS(people, places, things)

2. There are properand commonNOUNS

3. Proper NOUNS Name particular people, places, and things. They always start with a capital letter.

4. Common NOUNS are not names of particular persons, places, or things. They start with a capital letter only when they are the first word in a sentence.

5. Proper NounsNames of people: Oprah Winfrey, Bill ClintonNames of places: South America, Haiti,titles: The New York Timesdays of week: Mondays, Saturdaysmonths of the year: April, Mayholidays: Easter, Thanksgivingnationalities: Mexican, Russianlanguages: Japanese, French religions: Islam, Catholic

6. Common NOUNS Can be count Or Non count

7. Count NOUNSname people, places, and things that can be counted They can be singular or plural

8. Regular plural count NOUNS Add /s/ to the singular Bee – bees boy - boys Cat – cats Lip – lips

9. Pronunciation rules • /s/ after the voiceless sounds /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, and /th/ cups, hats, books, coughs, baths • /z/ after the voiced sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /th/, /m/, /n/, /ng/, /l/, /r/ and all vowel sounds. Jobs, kids, legs, things, bells, days, bones, dreams • /iz/ after the sounds /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, /ch/, /j/, /ks/ classes, dishes, taxes, judges

10. Irregular plurals • Words ending in s, ss, sh, ch, x, z – church – churches, dish - dishes • Consonant + y – lady – ladies, story – stories, • Consonant + o – potato – potatoes (exceptions: photos, pianos, solos, autos, sopranos, avocados, altos,) • Words ending in f or fe – leaf – leaves, knife – knives( except: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, sheriffs, chefs)

11. man – men woman – women Mouse – mice tooth – teeth foot – feet goose – geese sheep – sheep fish – fish deer – deer child - children ox - oxen person – people bacterium – bacteria analysis – analyses criterion – criteria alumnus – alumni Irregular plurals cont.

12. Noncount NOUNS Group A (no separate parts, the whole) milk, oil, water, coffee, tea, wine, blood, soup, juice, yogurt, pork, poultry, bread, meat, butter, paper, air, electricity, lightning, thunder, lettuce, cheese, ham

13. Noncount NOUNS Group B ( too small to count) rice, sugar, salt, hair, sand, snow, flour, corn, grass, popcorn, cereal

14. Non Count NOUNS Group C (classes or categories of things) money, food, furniture, clothing, mail, fruit, makeup, homework, jewelry, luggage, equipment

15. Non Count NOUNS Group D - (nouns that are abstractions) love, life, time, truth, beauty, luck, happiness, education, experience, crime, advice, knowledge, intelligence, pollution, patience, music, nature, health,

16. Non Count Nouns(subjects of study) Group E history, chemistry, grammar, biology, math

17. Some non count NOUNS end in /s/ They are not plural.News measlesphysics mumpsmathematics politicslinguistics tenniseconomics tuberculosisdiabetes arthritis civics

18. Some Noncount Nouns can be measured with specific or exact amounts: • A box, a cup, a pound, • A piece, a slice, a loaf • A clap, a bolt, a drop • A glass, a jar, a jug, a gallon, a bottle • A can, a bowl, • A scoop, a spoon, a stick • A bunch, a clove, a head, an ear • A roll, a bar, a bag, a carton,

19. The End!