Warm Up

1. Warm Up Describe the Law of Superpostition. http://rapguidetoevolution.co.uk/i%e2%80%99m-a-african#comments

2. What do you think each of the following mean? • Fossil • Comparative anatomy • Comparative embryology • Comparative biochemistry • Geographic distribution

3. Fossil preserved remains or traces of animals,plants, and other organisms

4. Comparative anatomy Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different organisms

5. Comparative embryology Compares and contrasts embryos of different species

6. Comparative biochemistry structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems.

7. Geographic distribution Distribution of Plants and animals

8. Evidence of Evolution • Fossil • Comparative anatomy • Comparative embryology • Comparative biochemistry • Geographic distribution

9. Evolution Evidence of Evolution Fossils • Fossils provide a record of species that lived long ago. • Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth. Armadillo Glyptodont

10. Evolution Two classes of traits • Derived traits • newly evolved features • Feathers • do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors. • Ancestral traits • primitive features • Teeth • appear in ancestral forms.

11. Comparative Anatomy • Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor are called homologous structures.

12. Analogous structures • same appearance, structure or function • evolved separately • do not share common ancestor. • Homologous structures • Similar structures • Share common ancestor

13. Homologous or Analogous

14. Evolution Evidence of Evolution • Analogous structures • Show that functionally similar features can evolve independently in similar environments

15. Evolution • Evolutionary theory predicts that features of ancestors that no longer have a function for that species will become smaller over time until they are lost. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial Structures • reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms.

16. Evolution • Evolutionary theory predicts that features of ancestors that no longer have a function for that species will become smaller over time until they are lost. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial Structures • reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms.

17. Evolution • Evolutionary theory predicts that features of ancestors that no longer have a function for that species will become smaller over time until they are lost. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial Structures • reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms.

18. Evolution Evidence of Evolution Comparative Embryology • Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.

19. Evolution Comparative Biochemistry • Many different organisms share metabolic molecules • Common ancestry

20. Evolution Chapter 15 15.2 Evidence of Evolution • Comparisons of the similarities in these molecules across species support the evolutionary patterns seen in comparative anatomy and in the fossil record. • Organisms with closely related morphological features have more closely related molecular features.

21. Geographic Distribution • The distribution of plants and animals • Evolution is intimately linked with climate and geological forces. Rabbit Mara

22. Evolution Types of Adaptation • Adaptation • trait increases an organism’s reproductive success. Mimicry California kingsnake Camouflage Western coral snake

23. Evolution • Fitness is a measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation. • Traits with higher fitness become more common. Name the independent and dependent variables? dependent variable Independent variable

24. Evolution Chapter 15 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Identify the term that is used to describe anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor. ancestral traits analogous structures homologous structures vestigial structures

25. Evolution Chapter 15 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a vestigial structure? snake pelvis porpoise flipper human appendix

26. Evolution Chapter 15 15.2 Formative Questions Which is an example of a derived trait? a tail bones feathers teeth

27. Evolution Chapter 15 15.2 Formative Questions Which features are similar in use and evolve in similar environments, but do not evolve from a common ancestor? analogous structures embryological structures homologous structures vestigial structures

28. Evolution Chapter 15 15.2 Formative Questions True or False Organisms with similar anatomy share similar DNA sequences.

29. Evolution Chapter 15 15.2 Formative Questions At the heart of the theory of evolution by natural selection lies the concept of __________. adaptation biogeography gradualism speciation

30. Evolution Chapter 15 Chapter Assessment Questions Determine which morphological adaptation the monarch butterfly exhibits. camouflage mimicry embryological adaptation vestigial structure

31. Evolution Each forelimb is a similar modification derived from a different ancestor. Natural selection has produced similar modifications in the forelimb. Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice Which is the best explanation for the similarities in the construction of these forelimbs?

32. Evolution They are functionally similar features that have evolved independently. They are modifications of the forelimbs of a common ancestor. Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice Which is the best explanation for the similarities in the construction of these forelimbs?

33. Closing Quiz Contrast ancestral and derived traits.