1 / 21

California

Explore the rich cultural and geographical diversity of California's Native societies, highlighting their varied subsistence strategies and social organizations. Learn about their technology, beliefs, and interactions with the environment.

gshipley
Download Presentation

California

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. California

  2. Geography • State v Culture Area (NOT same) • Central Valley, Mountain, Coastal • Rich marine, valley, & mountain • Each w/dif. Resources/restrictions • Bounded by Sierras, & Plateau

  3. Subsistence • Generally Hunting and Gathering • Agriculture possible, but not necessary • North and central regions had much more available food • Coast • Fish (halibut, salmon, sturgeon, and others) • Whale • Seal • Otter • Shellfish • Inland • Fish (halibut, salmon, sturgeon, and others) • Bear • Elk • Deer • Pronghorn • Sheep • All • Acorn • Pine nuts • Camas • Mesquite beans (in south)

  4. Technology • Utilized a variety of materials • Tule reeds • Grasses • Wood and bark • Bone • Shell • Stone, ground and flaked • Skins

  5. Technology • Types of technology varied depending on materials in a particular environment and specific needs of the local population • Canoes • Dugout (northern coastal, some valley) • Plank (southern coastal) • Tule reed (valley) • Housing • Food Acquisition/Processing

  6. Social Organization • Sedentary in north and central region, more mobile in south • Riverine or coastal settlement pattern in north, seasonal in south • Kroeber and the “Tribelet” • Predicted +/- 500 tribelets of +/- 500 persons in each (WAY underestimated) • Bean notes 12 just among the Cahuilla, with 50 distinct lineages throughout! • Hereditary (male) headman of wealth and prestige • Central village and satellites • Not bands as one might expect • Requires aid of shaman to “rule” (males in south, any in north) • Could be deposed • Tribelet is autonomous

  7. Social Organization • Lineages traced back 3-5 generations • Bridewealth common in north • North tends to matrilineal, patrilineal in south • Southern folks had loosely organized clans • Tribelets seemed to be generally peaceful with nearby, linguistically similar neighbors

  8. Beliefs • Animatism & animism • Individual shamans have power, male or female, through visions & demos • Elaborate rituals (Kuksu the Healer, White Deerskin and Jumping Dances, Toloache, First Salmon Rites)

  9. LanguagesPenutianHokanUto-AztecanIssue: Penutian Invasion?

  10. Additional Issues

  11. Additional Issues • Trade for Salt, Stone, Shells • Mission Period (1769-1821) • Assimilation • Conversion • Resource Acquisition

More Related