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What is Matter?

Discover the world of matter: atoms, molecules, phases, and measurements. Learn about solid, liquid, gas, plasma states and changes in matter. Understand the difference between mass and weight.

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What is Matter?

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  1. What is Matter? Matter: A substance that has mass and volume (takes up space).

  2. http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/ThreeStatesofMatter.jpghttp://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/ThreeStatesofMatter.jpg

  3. Matter is Made up of Atoms • Center is the nucleus: contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (negative charge) orbit the outside of the nucleus • Atoms are neutral (no charge) http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/atom.jpg

  4. Atom • The smallest basic unit of matter • Atoms are extremely small. • 1 tsp of water = 500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms • 5 x 10 23 • 500 sextillion

  5. Molecules • Molecules are made up of more than one atom. (they can be the same or different types) http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/icy_ecosystems/sci_media/water_molecule/21463-1-eng-NZ/water_molecule_full_size_landscape.jpg

  6. PHASES OF MATTER • Matter can exist as 4 different phases or states. • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma All living and non-living things are made of matter!

  7. States of Matter http://www.plasmas.org/E-4phases2.jpg

  8. SOLID • Atoms vibrate, has a definite volume, and a definite shape. • Examples: • Rocks • Desk • Apple http://www.sissa.it/main/_graphics/_pictures/condensed_matter.jpg

  9. LIQUID • Atoms are flowing, has a definite volume, but no definite shape. • Water • Blood • Milk http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/sci_matter/image_sci_matter003.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239037_1584204_,00.html&usg=__SiwazOIZ4_Mg5Vcx7G6lfHt6vBM=&h=298&w=464&sz=25&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=L7OvgfvaAPF6GM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dliquid%2Bstate%2Bof%2Bmatter%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

  10. GAS • Atoms spaced and move independently, has no definite volume, and no definite shape. • Air (mixture of different gases) • Water Vapor (water in a gas form) http://www.escuela2.es/sciencenglish/Sciencenglish/treasures/States%20of%20matter/gas.JPG

  11. Plasma • Extremely hot temperatures • Atoms have lost or gained electrons; which gives them a charge and makes them ions • Sun and Stars are in a plasma state http://www.aplasmasolution.com/sun.jpg http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/plasma_gb.gif

  12. WAYS TO MEASURE MATTER • Mass – the amount of matter in an object. • Measured in grams (g) and kilograms (kg) • Volume – The amount of space an object takes up. • Liquids: measured in milliliters (mL) and liters (L) • Solids: measured in cm3 • 1mL=1cm3

  13. Is There a Difference between Mass and Weight? • YES!!! • Mass: the amount of matter in an object. • When you measure mass you are comparing a standard unit amount to the item. • The standard unit used to measure mass is kg and g • Weight: the amount of gravitational pull acting on an object • Spring scale (measuring Newtons) and pounds

  14. If you are on Earth and then on the Moon your mass would measure the same. Your weight would change because the gravitational pull is different in the two locations Earth Mass same Weight larger Moon Mass same Weight smaller Example of Mass and Weight Difference

  15. Remember IFSMU I: Identify Variables F: Formula S: Substitute variables (#’s) into formula M: Do the math U: Add the correct units. IF SMU (If you) do your math problems this way you will get points IF SMU don’t … you won’t

  16. Volume Measurements • Volume Formula Volume= length ● width ● height (V=lwh) Example: A box has the length of 40 cm, width of 3 cm , and the height of 2 cm. Find the volume

  17. Volume • Identify (I): l=40cm, w=3cm, h= 2cm,v=? • Formula (F):V=lwh • Substitute (S):V=(40cm)(3cm)(2cm) • Math (M):V=240 • Units (U): Volume= 240 cm3

  18. Volume by Displacement( Works with objects that fit into your measuring container) • Add water to a graduated cylinder • Write down the initial volume in mL • Submerge irregular shaped object into cylinder • Measure new water level in mL • Subtract the initial water level (smaller #) from the final water level (larger #) • Convert mL to cm3 1mL=1cm3

  19. CHANGES IN MATTER • Matter will change phases when heat is added or lost. These changes are physical changes • Melting: solid to a liquid (heat is added) • Sublimation: solid to a gas (heat is added) • Deposition: gas to a solid (heat is lost) • Freezing: liquid to a solid (heat is lost) • Condensation: gas to a liquid (heat is lost) • Ionization: gas to plasma (extreme heat is added)

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