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Exploring Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

Discover the different states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - through particle arrangement and energy levels. Learn about phase changes like freezing, melting, vaporization and condensation, and explore the unique properties of plasma.

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Exploring Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

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  1. II. Phases of Matter PLASMA A. Matter can exist in four phases: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

  2. STATES OF MATTER • The Four States of Matter • Four States • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  3. STATES OF MATTER • Based upon particle arrangement • Based upon energy of particles • Based upon distance between particles

  4. Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

  5. STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS • Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

  6. B.Solids - Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.

  7. STATES OF MATTERLIQUID • Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. • Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

  8. C.Liquids - Matter that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. Liquids take on the shape of their container.

  9. Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flow easily

  10. STATES OF MATTERGAS • Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. • Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

  11. D.Gas- Matter that has neither definite shape nor definite volume. Gas fills the available space in a container regardless of the size or shape of the container.

  12. PHASE CHANGES

  13. PHASE CHANGES

  14. Freezing - the phase change from liquid to a solid Freezing Point- temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solid

  15. 2. LIQUID - GAS PHASE CHANGES Vaporization - change from liquid to gas Evaporation - when vaporization takes place at the the surface

  16. Boiling - particles inside liquid changing to gas Boiling Point - temperature at which liquid becomes gas Condensation - when a substance goes from gas to liquid

  17. 3. SOLID - GAS PHASES CHANGES Sublimation - a solids surface particles escape directly into the gas phase and do not go through the liquid phase EXAMPLE: DRY ICE

  18. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

  19. STATES OF MATTERPLASMA • A plasma is an ionized gas. • A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. • Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. • Plasma is the common state of matter

  20. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

  21. Some places where plasmas are found… 1.Flames

  22. 2. Lightning

  23. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

  24. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

  25. COLD PLASMA

  26. COLD PLASMA PEN

  27. Phase Change Diagram

  28. Melting- Solid to Liquid • Melting is the changing of a solid to a liquid when the substance absorbs heat energy. • Melting Point • Water 0° C. • Table salt 801° C. • Diamond 3700° C.

  29. Water Phase Change Graph

  30. Phase Change Graph

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