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Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

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Mayer - World History - Medieval Asia

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  1. Empires of Medieval Asia

  2. WORD WALL samurai shogun daimyo feudalism bushido dynasty clan

  3. What? • We will be studying the kingdoms of Asia that develop after ancient times, as well as continuing to follow China. • Who? • We will focus on the 3 different dynasties that ruled China during this period, as well as the founders of the Japanese empire, and one of the greatest warrior empires in history, the Mongols. • When? • This unit will focus on the time period from the reunification of China in 581 AD until the fall of the Mongol Empire in 1386 AD. • Where? • Our main focus will be on East Asia(China and Japan), but will cover all of Asia that comes under the Mongol Empire.

  4. Section 1: China Reunified (581 AD – 1279 AD)

  5. Learning Goal Students will be able to identify the dynasties that rule medieval China and compare them to other medieval and ancient empires.

  6. China Reunified (581 AD – 1279 AD) • In 222 AD, the Han Dynasty, which had ruled China since ancient times was overthrown and a civil war began that lasted over 300 years. • In 581 AD, one family was able to reunite China for the first time and established the first of three Chinese dynasties of the medieval period. • 1. Sui (Pronounced Sway) • 2. Tang (Pronounced Tong) • 3. Song (Pronounced Soong)

  7. Sui Dynasty (581 AD-618 AD) • In 581 AD, general Sui Yangdi is finally able to win the civil war in China and create a unified empire. He was a very cruel, hard-fisted ruler who used violence to enforce control over his people. • Completed the Grand Canal; the longest man-made waterway in the world. It runs 1104 miles through China and connects China’s two major rivers, the Yellow and the Yangtze. The Chinese invented to water lock system that allows boats to travel up and down in elevation during this time, and it is still in use today. • Very short dynasty; only one emperor, Sui Yangdi. Was very cruel: used forced labor to build a new capital and the Grand Canal, enforced extremely high taxes to pay for his lavish lifestyle. • In 618, the Chinese people rebelled against Sui and murdered the emperor.

  8. TangDynasty (618 AD – 907 AD) • After Sui Yangdi is murdered in 618, a new family takes over control of China and becomes the Tang Dynasty. The Tangs are complete opposite of the Suis, the Tangs were tolerant and peaceful rulers. They promoted peace, education, and wealth. • They stop giving land and government positions to friends and family and required exams to work in the government. They took land from wealthy land owners and gave it to the peasant farmers for free. • Also focused on expanding trade. They were first civilization in the world to issue and use paper money. They also expanded and re-opened the Silk Road, a very famous trade route that ran from China to Rome. • Education was a big priority as well. Numerous inventions were created during the Tang dynasty including; the first gunpowder weapons, the first printing press, and steel. • Eventually, the massive wealth they built up led to corruption in the government and the emperor was overthrown by one of his generals.

  9. Song Dynasty (960 – 1279 AD) • After the Tangs are overthrown a third family steps in to take control of China, the Songs. • The Songs are not very strong rulers, but they continue the methods that the Tangs perfected by expanding trade and promoting education. During this time art, philosophy, and writing were extremely popular. Because of the invention of the printing press, more books were published during the Song Dynasty than had been printed in the previous 400 years of Chinese history. • However, the Songs were not warriors and they reduced the power of the army to prevent being overthrown like the Tongs were. They hire non-Chinese mercenaries to fight and defend China. This backfires when the people they pay to defend China turn against them. The Songs have to deal with multiple invasions from their northern neighbors and in 1279 the Songs are conquered and wiped out by a warrior empire called the Mongols.

  10. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you about all of the different Chinese dynasties and give a full, accurate comparison of them to other dynasties in history. 3 – I can tell you about all of the different Chinese dynasties but I’m not sure what other empires they compare to. 2 – I can remember the names of all of the Chinese dynasties, but I don’t remember enough to compare them to other empires. 1 – I don’t know what a dynasty is or what they have to do with China.

  11. Section 2: The Mongol Hordes ( 1201 AD – 1386 AD)

  12. Learning Goal Students will be able to recall the history of the Mongols, explain the reasons for their amazing military success, and draw their own conclusions about Mongol society.

  13. The Mongols • In 1206 AD, the many different tribes of nomads that lived north of China were organized under one leader, Temujin. He becomes known as Genghis Khan (Great King). • Genghis Khan is a modern military leader fighting in medieval times. He organizes the tribes into a uniform army of cavalry soldiers with units of 10, 100, 1000, and so on; similar to modern armies. He uses modern military tactics like ambushes and fear tactics. The Mongols do not lose a battle for almost 150 years because of their advanced military strategies. • Genghis Khan dies in 1227 after conquering the northern half of China and huge parts of Central Asia. The empire is then spilt among his sons, who continue his tradition and build the empire even larger. • In 1258 they destroy the Muslim Caliphate and capture Baghdad. In 1274 they attempt to invade Japan and are only stopped by a huge typhoon that destroys their entire fleet. In 1279 they finish off the Song dynasty and take control of all of China.

  14. By the year 1294, the Mongol empire was at it largest point. It covered around 9,300,000 square miles. That is the equivalent of 144 times the size of the state of Florida, and 4 times larger than the Roman Empire. Because of its huge size, the Mongol Empire could not last. It eventually fell part because of rebellions by the native people of those lands.

  15. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you the entire story of the Mongols and explain exactly why they were successful. I have my own informed opinion about the society. 3 – I can tell you the entire story of the Mongols and explain exactly why they were successful. I don’t have any real opinion about their society though 2 – I can tell you the story of the Mongols, but I don’t know why they were able to be so successful. 1 – I don’t know the story of the Mongols at all, or why they were successful.

  16. Section 3: Feudal Japan (100 BC – 1400’s AD)

  17. Learning Goal Students will be explain the course of feudal Japanese history, why the Japanese developed a feudal government, and explain how feudalism works and its purpose.

  18. Feudal Japan • The islands of Japan were settled by people from China around 100 BC. They brought the Chinese language and culture with them, but over time their culture changed and became unique from China’s. • The Japanese islands were filled with individual extended families called clans that fought each other for land and power. Around 800, the largest clan, the Yamamotos built a capital at the city of Edo and declared themselves as the rulers of all Japan. • The head of the Yamamoto clan declared himself emperor and claimed to be a living god. However, the real power rested with the top military commander, the shogun. But not every clan followed the Yamamotos, and a long, bloody civil war broke out between the most powerful clans. This led to a weak central government and people look to local leaders for protection. This system of government becomes known as feudalism.

  19. Japanese Feudalism • This system of government with local leaders protecting their residents without central government help is called feudalism. Each social class depends on the social class above and below them, and each class has responsibilities and privileges according to their social status. • In Japan, the local lords were called daimyos, and they ruled over armies of armored warriors called samurais. These daimyos owned land that was lived on and worked by peasants. In return for living on the land the peasants worked for and paid taxes to the daimyos. The daimyos used these taxes and land to pay the samurais, who fight for the daimyo and protect the peasants. • War between the clans was fought by the samurai, who lived by a special code of honor and commitment called bushido. Bushido taught samurai to master themselves and their craft, and to strive for total perfection. Bushido required the samurai to swear total loyalty to their master and their clan. If they were defeated or disgraced, they were required to take their own life.

  20. Learning Scale 4 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, explain why they created feudalism, and how feudalism works. 3 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, explain why they created feudalism, but I’m not exactly sure how feudalism works. 2 – I can tell you about Japanese feudal history, but I do not understand feudalism in any way. 1 – I can’t tell you a single thing about Japanese history and I have no idea what feudalism is.

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