Download
1 / 45
E N D
B A T A C I N S T I T U T E I N C. C I T Y OF B A T A C SCIENCE8 SINCE 1932
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiatedspecies often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater geneticfitness of the offspring.
REPRODUCTION FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male reproductive system The human male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside of the body and around the pelvic region of a male that contribute towards the reproductive process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male [gamete] or [spermatozoa] for fertilization of the ovum. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category is sperm production and storage. Production takes place in the testes which are housed in the temperature regulating scrotum, immature sperm then travel to the epididymis for development and storage. The second category are the ejaculatory fluid producing glands which include the seminal vesicles, prostate, and the vas deferens.
The final category are those used for copulation, and deposition of the spermatozoa (sperm) within the male, these include the penis, urethra, vas deferens, and Cowper's gland. Major secondary sexual characteristics includes: larger, more muscular stature, deepened voice, facial and body hair, broad shoulders, and development of an adam's apple. An important sexual hormone of males is androgen, and particularly testosterone.testes release a hormone that controls the development of sperm. This hormone is also responsible for the development of physical characteristics in men such as facial hair and a deep voice.
M A L E
Female reproductive system The human female reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside of the body and around the pelvic region of a female that contribute towards the reproductive process.. If the ovum is fertilized by sperm, it attaches to the endometrium and the fetus develops. The human female reproductive system contains three main parts: the vagina, which leads from the vulva, the vaginal opening, to the uterus; the uterus, which holds the developing fetus; and the ovaries,which produce the female's ova. The breasts are involved during the
parenting stage of reproduction, but in most classifications they are not considered to be part of the female reproductive system. The vagina meets the outside at the vulva, which also includes the labia, clitoris and urethra; during intercourse this area is lubricated by mucus secreted by the Bartholin's glands. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the fallopian tubes. Each ovary contains hundreds of egg cells or ova (singular ovum).Approximately every 28 days, the pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates some of the ova to develop and grow. One ovum is released and it passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus. Hormones produced by the ovaries prepare the uterus to receive the ovum. The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, and unfertilized ova are shed each cycle through the process of menstruation
F E M A L E
Diseases of Male Reproductive System
Infections Reproductive tract infection (RTI) are infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the Reproductive System. For females, reproductive tract infections can be in either the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus), and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva); for males these infections are at the penis, testicles, urethra or the vas deferens. The three types of reproductive tract infections are endogenous infections, iatrogenic infections and the more commonly known sexually transmitted infections.Eachhas its own specific causes and symptoms, caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus or other organism. Some infections are easily treatable and can be cured, some are more difficult, and some are non curable such as AIDS andherpes
Congenital abnormalities Examples of congenital abnormalities of the reproductive system include: Kallmann syndrome - Genetic disorder causing decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands caused by a deficiency or both testes from the scrotum. Androgen insensitivity syndrome - A genetic disorder causing people who are genetically male (i.e. XY chromosome pair) to develop sexually as a female due to an inability to utilize androgen. Intersexuality - A person who has genitalia and/or other sexual traits which are not clearly male or female.
Examples of cancers Examples of cancers of the reproductive system include: Prostate cancer - Cancer of the prostate gland Breast cancer - Cancer of the mammary gland. Ovarian cancer - Cancer of the ovary. Penile cancer - Cancer of penis. Uterine cancer - Cancer of the uterus. Testicular cancer - Cancer of the testicle/(plural:testes). Cervical Cancer - Cancer of the cervix.
Examples of functional problems Impotence - The inability of a male to produce or maintain an erection. Hypogonadism - A lack of function of the gonads, in regards to either hormones or gamete production. Ectopic pregnancy - When a fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder - A low level of sexual desire and interest. Female sexual arousal disorder - A condition of decreased, insufficient, or absent lubrication in females during sexual activity Premature ejaculation - A lack of voluntary control over ejaculation.
Endocrine It is also known that disruption of the endocrine system by certain chemicals adversely affects the development of the reproductive system and can cause vaginal cancer. Many other reproductive diseases have also been link to exposure to synthetic and environmental chemicals. Common chemicals with known links to reproductive disorders include: lead, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, styrene, toluene, and pesticides.
Prevention Disease is to abstain from sex or only have one sexual partner. Abstain from douching as this can remove some of the bacteria in the penis that help ward of infection. Regular exercise and adequate amounts of sleep can help in preventing erectile dysfunction. Limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are also techniques.
Diseases of Female Reproductive System
Endometriosis - a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, intestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones. Bleeding into the abdomen irritates the lining membrane, the peritoneum, and causes abdominal pain.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Bacteria can make their way up the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, causes abdominal pain. Although there are many potential causes of PID, gonorrheal infection is one of them. Chronic Inflammation of the uterine tubes can occlude them resulting in infertility.
Prolapsed uterus – the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical position.
Prolapsed uterus – the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical position.
Prevention Disease is to abstain from sex or only have one sexual partner. Abstain from douching as this can remove some of the bacteria in the vagina that help ward of infection. Regular exercise and adequate amounts of sleep can help in preventing erectile dysfunction. Limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are also techniques.
! TRIVIA
urologist & andrologist. A urologist treats diseases of the male reproductive system as well as the urinary system. Male infertility is usually managed by an infertility specialist.
sperm & sperm cell & spermatozoa &Spermatozoon. Both male and female reproductive organs are called gonads. The male and female sex cells are called gametes, the sperm in the male and ova in the female.
Graafian follicle. Graafian follicles are a part of the female reproductive system.
Androderm. The others are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy or BPH.
gynecology & gynaecology. In England it is spelled 'gynaecology'. Also involved in the care of the female reproductive system are obstetrics, the specialty concerned with pregnancy and delivery of the baby.
A gynecologist or OB/GYN typically treats conditions that are specific to women. Conditions of the breasts, such as fibroids, are usually first treated by a gynecologist, and then by a breast specialist if there is further difficulty. A gynecologist can also diagnose things such as osteoporosis, which is common in women.
Cowper's glands. Cowper's glands are part of the male reproductive system.
D and C. D and C stands for dilation and {curettage;} HCG(human chorionic gonadotropin) is a blood test to determine {pregnancy;} BTL is a bilateral tubal {ligation;} and HRT stands for hormone replacement therapy.
Dysmenorrhea. Menorrhagia is increased or excessive bleeding during a {period;} amenorrhea is the absence of {menstruation;} metrorrhagia is irregular bleeding between periods.
Prepared by
GROUP 3 Leader : Joefel P. Bolo Members : Margie Opelac Arjay Gabuten Jonathan Pablo Ferdinand Rabe
QUIZ What is Reproductive system? What is the major part of male reproductive system? What is the major part of female reproductive system? What is a physician who specializes in the male reproductive system?
QUIZ 5. What is the male sex cell called? 6. Which of these is NOT a part of the male reproductive system? 7. Which of these is a testosterone replacement hormone? 8. What is the study of the organs, hormones, and diseases of the female reproductive system?
QUIZ Which of these is not a part of the female reproductive system?
GOOD LUCK !
