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“Stronger service providers, better services for all”

Building climate change impacts and adaptations into Water Safety Plans for low income communities in African cities Alison Parker, Tom Heath, Keith Weatherhead. “Stronger service providers, better services for all”. Introduction. Aim Assess impacts of climate change on water and sanitation

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“Stronger service providers, better services for all”

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  1. Building climate change impacts and adaptations into Water Safety Plans for low income communities in African citiesAlison Parker, Tom Heath, Keith Weatherhead

  2. “Stronger service providers, better services for all”

  3. Introduction • Aim • Assess impacts of climate change on water and sanitation • Recommend adaptations Naivasha Lusaka Antananarivo

  4. Reviewing climate change impacts on African urban communities National Adaption Programme of Action (required by UNFCCC) UNDP climate brief

  5. Deriving scenarios • Worst cases: • Increased rainfall and rainfall intensity • Decreased rainfall and rainfall intensity

  6. Field assessment • Understanding current climate vulnerabilities • Key stakeholder interviews • Community observations • Focus group interviews

  7. Recommend adaptations

  8. Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia • Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding • Natural floodplain • Unplanned settlement 200m

  9. Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia • Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding • Natural floodplain • Unplanned settlement • Shallow bedrock

  10. Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia • Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding • Natural floodplain • Unplanned settlement • Shallow bedrock • Overflowing latrines • Adaptations: • Clearing and expanding drains • Emptying latrines • Elevated latrines

  11. Uncertainties in climate change impacts on African urban communities Increased rainfall Positive impacts Negative impacts Uncertainties in current models Negative impacts Decreased rainfall Positive impacts Areas at risk of water shortages Areas at risk of flooding Easy to define from field work

  12. Impact of increased rainfall Kanyama, Lusaka • Flooding

  13. Impact of increased rainfall • Flooding • Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses Kanyama, Lusaka Kanyama, Lusaka

  14. Impact of increased rainfall • Flooding • Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses • Overflowing latrines • Increases exposure to pathogens • Contaminates unimproved water supplies Kanyama, Lusaka

  15. Impact of increased rainfall • Flooding • Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses • Overflowing latrines • Increases exposure to pathogens • Contaminates unimproved water supplies • Increased run off • Increases sediment load in intake water • Damages infrastructure Karagita, Naivasha

  16. Impact of increased rainfall • Flooding • Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses • Overflowing latrines • Increases exposure to pathogens • Contaminates unimproved water supplies • Increased run off • Increases sediment load in intake water • Damages infrastructure • Increased water for irrigation Antananarivo

  17. Impact of increased rainfall • Flooding • Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses • Overflowing latrines • Increases exposure to pathogens • Contaminates unimproved water supplies • Increased run off • Increases sediment load in intake water • Damages infrastructure • Increased water for irrigation • Increased potential for rainwater harvesting

  18. Impact of decreased rainfall • Lower water table • Water scarcity for both piped water and unimproved source users • Increased demand for piped supplies and lower water pressures • Long queues at kiosks • Decreased hydroelectricity available for pumping • Reduced greywater problems Kanyama, Lusaka

  19. Indirect climate change impacts on African urban communities Increased water conflict Migration to urban areas Increased food prices Crop failure Reduced ability to pay for water and sanitation Reduced employment

  20. Adaptations to flooding • Local operators • Community education • Hygiene during floods • Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs) Kanyama, Lusaka

  21. Adaptations to flooding • Local operators • Community education • Hygiene during floods • Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs) • Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods Kanyama, Lusaka

  22. Adaptations to flooding • Local operators • Community education • Hygiene during floods • Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs) • Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods • Chlorination of water supply during floods Chazanga, Lusaka

  23. Adaptations to flooding • Local operators • Community education • Hygiene during floods • Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs) • Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods • Chlorination of water supply during floods • Water utility • NRW reduction • Increased water quality monitoring and infrastructure inspection during floods

  24. Adaptations to flooding • Municipality • Improve drainage system CUA, Antananarivo

  25. Adaptations to flooding • Municipality • Improve drainage system • Improve solid waste collection Kamere, Naivasha

  26. Adaptations to flooding • Municipality • Improve drainage system • Improve solid waste collection • Improve sludge collection

  27. Adaptations to water shortages • Local operators • Ensure water supply is affordable • Expand kiosk network into unserved areas • Investigate alternative supplies • Community education about health risks during droughts Mirera, Naivasha

  28. Adaptations to water shortages • Local operators • Ensure water supply is affordable • Expand kiosk network into unserved areas • Investigate alternative supplies • Community education about health risks during droughts • Utility • Support network expansion • Build more storage tanks Chazanga, Lusaka

  29. Adaptations to water shortages • Local operators • Ensure water supply is affordable • Expand kiosk network into unserved areas • Investigate alternative supplies • Community education about health risks during droughts • Utility • Support network expansion • Build more storage tanks • Municipality • Engage in water allocation dialogues

  30. Climate change awareness • Community • Local operators • Water Utility • Municipality • Consultants • Government • NGOs • Academics Climate change awareness

  31. Climate change adaptation in action • Community • Local operators • Water Utility • Government • Consultants • Municipality • NGOs • Academics Climate change plans

  32. Climate change impacts on African urban communities: conclusions Flooding > water shortages 8 / 11 communities 4 / 11 communities Adaptations: accelerate existing water management improvements, not new actions www.wsup.com

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