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CIVICS, COMMUNITY CIVICS, CIVIC EDUCATION

CIVICS, COMMUNITY CIVICS, CIVIC EDUCATION. dik2baehaqi@yahoo.com. Civics.

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CIVICS, COMMUNITY CIVICS, CIVIC EDUCATION

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  1. CIVICS, COMMUNITY CIVICS,CIVIC EDUCATION dik2baehaqi@yahoo.com

  2. Civics • DalamMajalah the Citizen dan Civics, (1886), Henry Randall Waitemerumuskan civics dengan “the science of citizenship, the relation of man, the individual, to man in organized collection, the individual in his relation to the state” (Creshore, Education VII, 204, 1886-1887) • Civics adalahilmukewarganegaraan yang membicarakanhubunganmanusiadengan 1) manusiadalamorganisasi (sosial, ekonomi, politik, dll); dan 2) individu-individudandengannegara

  3. Dictionary of Education, Civics = The elements of political science or that branch of political science dealing with the rights and duties of citizens” (Carter van Good, 1945) • Batasantersebutmenunjukkankedudukandanmuatancivics, yaitusebagaicabangilmupolitik yang berisihak-hakdankewajiban-kewajibanwarganegara(demokrasipolitik)

  4. Stanley E Dimond(1961), Civics sebagai “Legal status in a country and the activities closely related to the political function, voting, government organization, holding of public office, and legal right and responsibility” • Menurutbatasanini, civics berkaitandenganhubunganantarwarganegaradengannegara yang meliputi status formal dalamnegara, fungsidanaktivitas formal darilembaga-lembagapolitik yang ditinjaudarikehidupanmasyarakat, menyangkutpemilihanumum, organisasipuncakdalamsuatunegara, berbagaipengaturanlembaga-lembaga, pelayanankepadamasyarakat, hak-haksertatanggungjawabsetiapwarganegaradalammelaksanakantugasnya

  5. Edmonson (1958), “Civics is usually defined as the study of government and of citizenship, that is, of the duties, rights and privileges of citizens” • A.S. Hornby, Civics adalah “the study of government and duties of citizens, having to do with a city or citizens” • Batasandiatasmenekankan civics sebagaimatapelajarandanisi civics tentangpemerintahan, hak-hakdankewajiban-kewajiban yang harusdiketahuidandilakukanwarganegara, sertahak-hakistimewawarganegara

  6. Nu’manSomantri(1975), Civics membicarakan • hubunganwarganegaradenganorganisasisosial, ekonomi, politik, keagamaan; • bagaimanahak-hakasasimanusiaitudilindungiolehnegara; • bagaimanahak-hakpolitikwarganegaraitudijalankan; dan • bagaimanawarganegaramengaturdirisendiridanmengaturkepentinganumumdalambentukpartisipasidankerjasama

  7. Civics bagiandisiplinilmupolitik • Sejauh civics dapatdipandangsebagaidisiplindalamilmupolitik, makafokuskajiannyaberkenaandengankedudukandanperananwarganegaradalammelaksanakanhakdankewajiansesuaidansepanjangbatas-batasketentuankonstitusinegara yang bersangkutan (Ahmad Sanusi)

  8. Studicivics tidakbertitiktolakpadanegarasebagaisatuanmakro, tetapimemusatkanperhatianpadaindividu-individuwarganegarasebagaimikro • Sebagaisatuanmikromeliputi: tingkahlaku, potensi, kesadaran, usahadankegiatansertaprestasikehidupannya • Studicivics memperoleh input daridisiplin lain, olehkarenaitukorelasiantaradisiplintersebutsangaterat, sehinggamendorongperkembangandankemajuanstudicivics • Civicsmenekankankebenarandalamartilogisdanfaktual, olehkarenanyakonstitusimerupakankerangkarujukan(frame of reference) yang paling objektifdalamkerangkakajiancivics.

  9. Gerakan Community Civics • GerakanCommunity Civics(1907) dipeloporiolehW.A. Dunn, untuklebihfungsionalnyapelajarantersebutbagiparasiswadenganmenghadapkanmerekakepadalingkunganataukehidupansehari-haridalamhubungannyadenganruanglingkuplokal, nasional, maupuninternasional • Gerakan “CC” disebabkankarenapelajarancivics (padasaatitu) hanyamempelajarikonstitusidanpemerintahdengankurangmemperhatikanlingkungansosial.

  10. “CC” inidimaksudkanbahwacivicsmembicarakan pula prinsip-prinsipekonomidalampemerintahan, usaha-usahaswasta, maupunmasalahpekerjaanwarganegara(van Good, 1945)

  11. Gerakan Civic Education • Gerakan “CE” munculhampirsamadengangerakan “CC” tetapidalambeberapahaldapatdiartikanlebihluas. • CE includes and involves those teaching, that type of teaching method; those student activities; those administrative and supervisory procedures which the school may utilize purposively to make for better living together in the democratic way or (synonymously) to develop better civic behaviors (Mahoney, 1965)

  12. Batasantersebuttelahmemasukanseluruhkegiatansekolah, termasukkegiatanekstrakurikulernyadalamkerangka CE, kegiatandidalamdandiluarkelas, diskusi, danorganisasisiswa (student government).

  13. CE properly defined as the product of the entire program of the school, certainly not simply of the school studies program, and assuredly not merely of a course in civics. But civics has an important function to perform. It confronts the young adolescent for the first time in his school experience with a complete view of citizenship function, as right and responsibilities in a democratic context (Jack Allen) • Batasan CE inijugamemasukkanpengalamanminat, kepentinganpribadi, masyarakatdannegara yang nantinyaakandinyatakandalamkualitaspribadiseseorang.

  14. CE in addition has also acquired a broad meaning almost synonymous with desirable personal qualities, which are displayed in human association (Dimond, 1960) • CE berkenaandengansegalasesuatu yang dapatmenumbuhkankualitaspribadiwarganegara

  15. CE is the process comprising all the positive influences which are intended to shape a citizen’s view to his role in society. It comes partly from formal schooling, partly from parental influence and partly from learning outside the classroom and the home. Through CE, our youth are helped to gain an understanding of our national ideals, the common good, and the process of self government (NCSS, 1970)

  16. Pengertian CE lebihdipertegaslagikarenabahannyameliputipengaruhpositifdaripendidikandisekolah, pendidikandirumah, danpendidikandiluarkelas/sekolah. • CE diharapkandapatmenolongsiswauntuk • mengetahui, memahamidanmengapresiasicita-citanasional; • dapatmembuatkeputusan-keputusan yang cerdasdanbertanggungjawabdalamberbagaimacammasalahpribadi, masyarakatdannegara

  17. ProsesPertumbuhan CE

  18. Keterangan • Sebagiandariisiilmupolitik, yaitudemokrasipolitik, diambiluntukpelajarandisekolah, yang mula-muladisebutCivic Government, kemudiannamanyamenjadipelajaranCivics padatahun 1790 di (AmerikaSerikat) • Timbulnyagerakancivic education padatahun 1901, yang dipeloporioleh Howard Wilson. Gerakaninitimbulkarenapelajarancivics kurangberisikebutuhansiswa, aspek-aspekpendidikan, dankebutuhanmasyarakat • Padatahun 1971 civic education mendapatperhatian yang luarbiasadiAmerikaSerikat • Civic education diperkayadenganberbagaimacamsumberpengetahuandanpengaruh-pengaruhpositifdarisekolah, orangtua, danmasyarakat • Konsep-konseppsikologipendidikansebagaialatuntukmenghidupkancivic education (prosesedukatif) • ABCD adalaruanglingkupcivic education yang sudahdiperkaya Kerucut EFG adalahinti civic education yaitudemokrasipolitik Tanda X1-X2-X3 adalahbahan-bahandansumber lain yang diambiluntukmemperkayacivic education X1 E X1 = program civic education untuksekolahdasar X1 E X1 = program civic education untuk SLTP X1 E X1 = program civic education untuk SLTA

  19. PKnsebagaiPengembangan IKN • Denganperubahancivics menjadicivic education, berarticivics telahmemilihorientasinyapadafungsipendidikandalamartiusaha-usahadanprosespembinaanwarganegara, • … civics bertugasmendeskripsikandanmenganalisisbagaimanaadanyakontinumvariabelparawarganegaramenurutkontinumkonstitusi, • sedangkancivic education bertugasmeluruskan, memperluas, mengembangkandanmembinakontinumvariabeltersebutpadakualitasdantaraf yang lebihtinggi, menunjukkanjalandanusahakearahkonstitusi (Ahmad Sanusi, 1972)

  20. Pergeseranituhanyapadapendekatanataufocus of interest/objek formal, bukanpadaobjek material. Karenaobjek material tetapsama, yaituperananwarganegaradalamberbagaiaspekkehidupandenganbeberapatambahan (Cholisin, 1994)

  21. Karakteristik IKN dan PKN

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