1 / 26

Sleep and Dreams

Sleep and Dreams. Chapter 7-1. From The Human Mind Explained edited by Susan A. Greenfield, 1996.

gur
Download Presentation

Sleep and Dreams

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sleep and Dreams Chapter 7-1

  2. From The Human Mind Explained edited by Susan A. Greenfield, 1996 In 1959 New York disk jockey Peter Tripp stayed awake for 200 hours to raise money for charity….After about 50 hours, he started having mild hallucinations, seeing cobwebs in his shoes when there were none there and thinking that specks of dirt were bugs; by 100 hours, he became delirious and saw a doctor’s tweed suit as a tangle of furry worms; at 120 he needed a stimulant to keep him awake. After 150 hours, he was disoriented, no knowing who or where he was, and he became paranoid – he backed against a wall, letting no one pass behind him; by 200 hours, his hallucinations had taken a sinister turn, and he thought a doctor trying to examine him was an undertaker come to bury him.

  3. consciousness • A state of awareness, including a person’s feelings, sensations, ideas and perceptions

  4. Altered states of consciousness • Different levels of consciousness

  5. Levels of Consciousness • Alertness to nonalertness • Alertness – being fully aware with your attention focused on something and are conscious of that thing

  6. sleep • A state of altered consciousness (a different level of consciousness), characterized by certain patterns of brain activity • Unresponsiveness to the environment and limited physical mobility

  7. Beliefs about Sleep • That it is restorative • Primitive hibernation • Adaptive process • Clears our minds of useless information • To dream

  8. Studying Sleep • EEG

  9. The Stages of Sleep • Early Stages • Stage I: • pulse slows, muscles relax, breathing uneven, brain waves irregular • Approximately 10 minutes • Theta waves – lower amplitude and frequency • Stage II: • Eyes role from side to side • Approximately 30 minutes • Stage III: • Delta waves – large amplitude • Later Stages

  10. The Stages of Sleep • Early Stages • Later Stages • Stage IV: • Deepest level of sleep • Hard to wake people up • Delta waves – large and regular, happen more than 50% of the time • If suddenly woken, may feel disoriented • Talking out loud, sleepwalking, bed-wetting

  11. 75% of the time “asleep” is spent in stages I-IV

  12. REM sleep • Rapid Eye Movement • Pulse rate & breathing are irregular • Adrenal & sexual hormones rise • Face or fingers twitch • Large muscles are paralyzed • Brains waves look like you are awake • Early at night – 15 mins long • Late at night – 45 mins long • Discovered by Nathaniel Kleitman

  13. Sleep Labels • NREM (non-REM) • Quiet sleep • Stages I-IV • REM sleep • Active sleep • Almost all dreaming takes place

  14. Sleep Cycle • Stages I-IV • REM Sleep • Stage IV • REM Sleep • Stage IV Approximately 90 minutes

  15. REM purpose • Seems to serve psychological functions such as building efficient learning and memory processes

  16. How Much Sleep • 1/3 of our lives • Newborns: 16 hours a day (half in REM) • 16 yr olds: 10-11 hours asleep • Graduate students: 8 hours a night • 70 yr olds: 5 hours • Adults: 25% in REM, 75% in NREM

  17. Circadian Rhythm • The rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting approximately one • Biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a 24-25 hour time period

  18. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Apnea • Narcolepsy • Nightmares and Night Terrors • Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

  19. Insomnia • Failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day • Some causes: • Anxiety • Depression • Alcohol • drugs

  20. Sleep Apnea • Sleep disorder in which a person has trouble breathing while asleep • Symptoms • Snoring • Affects 1 in 100 Americans • Causes: • Enlarged tonsils • Repeated throat/ear infections • obesity

  21. Narcolepsy • Condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or feeing very sleepy during the day • Permanent/overwhelming feeling of sleepiness and fatigue • Symptoms: • Unusual sleep/dream patterns • Dreamlike hallucinations • Feeling of temporary paralysis • Sleep attacks with REM sleep

  22. Nightmares & Night Terrors • Nightmares – unpleasant dreams during REM sleep • Night terrors – sleep disruptions that occur during Stage IV of sleep, involving screaming, panic, or confusion, can be 5-20 minutes long

  23. Sleepwalking & Sleep Talking • Walking or carrying out behaviors while asleep • Typically found in children • Can be inherited • Causes: • Stress • Fatigue • Use of sedative medicines

  24. The Content of Dreams • Often incorporate our everyday activities into our dreams • Most involve strenuous recreational activities or passive events • Most emotions in dreams are unpleasant • Follow a realistic time scale

  25. Dream Interpretation • Date back to 5000 BD • Sigmund Freud believed that all dreams contain clues to thoughts the dreamer is afraid to acknowledge when awake • Inuit people of North America believe dreams have hidden meanings • Nathaniel Kleithman said dreaming may have no purpose • Francis Crick believes dreaming removes certain unneed memories

  26. Daydreams • Low level of awareness • Involves fantasizing or dreaming while awake • Typically daydream when bored or activities require little attention • Helps remind us of things in the future • Improve our creativity • Helps us control our emotions

More Related