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SLEEP AND DREAMS…

SLEEP AND DREAMS…. Chapter 5 Huffman/Ch 6 Nairne States of Consciousness. Consciousness : an organism’s subjective awareness of internal and external events in its environment Attention : internal processes that set priorities for mental functioning. Levels of awareness :

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SLEEP AND DREAMS…

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  1. SLEEP AND DREAMS… Chapter 5 Huffman/Ch 6 Nairne States ofConsciousness

  2. Consciousness: an organism’s subjective awareness of internal and external events in its environment • Attention: internal processes that set priorities for mental functioning

  3. Levels of awareness: • HIGH: Controlled processes that require attention (and interfere with other functions) • MIDDLE: Automatic processes requiring minimal attention (such as riding your bike) • LOWEST: Minimal or no awareness of the environment

  4. Levels of awareness: • HIGH: Controlled processes that require attention (and interfere with other functions) • MIDDLE: Automatic processes requiring minimal attention (such as riding your bike) • Automaticity – fast and effortless processing that requires little or no focused attention

  5. Levels of awareness: • HIGH: Controlled processes that require attention (and interfere with other functions) • MIDDLE: Automatic processes requiring minimal attention (such as riding your bike) • LOWEST: Minimal or no awareness of the environment

  6. Sleep • Sleep is a behavior AND an altered state of consciousness • We spend about a third of our lives in sleep.

  7. EEG Changes During Sleep • Summated brain wave activity (EEG) • Wakefulness: beta activity (13-30 Hz) • Eyes closed: alpha activity (8-12 Hz)

  8. EEG Changes During Sleep Stage 1: Light Sleep – Alpha Waves Stage 2: Eye movements & brain waves slow; sleep spindles

  9. EEG Changes During Sleep • Stage 3: very slow waves - delta waves appear • Stage 4: almost all delta waves • Very hard to wake during this stage

  10. EEG Changes During Sleep • REM stage: rapid, irregular and shallow breathing, eyes jerk rapidly, both wake and sleep waves (sawtooth pattern)

  11. Theories of Sleep • Repair/Restoration • Sleep allows for recuperation from physical, emotional, and intellectual fatigue • Survival Value • Sleep evolved to conserve energy and protect our ancestors from predators

  12. Wish Fulfillment – Freud’s DreamTheory… • A.K.A. Psychoanalytic theory: Dreams represent disguised symbols of repressed desires and anxieties • Manifest Content: symbols used to disguise true meaning of dream • Latent Content: true unconscious meaning of a dream “Sometimes,a cigar is just a cigar.” - Freud, on the meaning of dreams

  13. WHY DO WE DREAM!? • Activation-synthesis hypothesis: • Dreams represent random activation of brain cells during REM sleep • Problem Solving • Dreams focus on the problems we have in an attempt to find a solution • Threat simulation • Dreams evolved to help us practice skills we need to avoid threats.

  14. Dyssomnias • Insomnia - difficulty in getting to sleep or remaining asleep • Situational: related to anxiety or excitement • Drug-induced: sleeping pills (tolerance)

  15. Dyssomnias • Sleep apnea: person stops breathing and is awakened when blood levels of carbon dioxide stimulate breathing • Narcolepsy: Sleep appears at odd times • Sleep attack: urge to sleep during the day • Cataplexy: REM paralysis occurs, person is still conscious

  16. Myths of Sleep • Everyone needs 8 hrs of sleep per night to maintain good health • Learning of complicated subjects such as calculus can be done during sleep • Some people never dream • Dreams last only a few seconds • Genital arousal during sleep reflects dream content • It is unrelated to sexual content • May be a useful index of physical versus psychological causes of impotence in males

  17. NEXT...TIME... Drugs that Influence Consciousness

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