Presentation of ApPEC to RECFA October 2012

1. Presentation of ApPEC to RECFA October 2012 Maurice Bourquin

2. Astroparticle Physics ? • There are growing numbers of European communities requiring large infrastructures for scientific research in particle physics without accelerators. • The infrastructures are underground (LNGS, LSM, LSC, BUL), under water (Lake Baikal, Mediterranean sea,…) , under the ice (Antarctica), on vast terrestrial areas (Argentina, Tibet…), or in space (ISS, satellites…). • The research also include topics using particle physics tools, but more directed toward astrophysics, cosmology, nuclear physics… • A new branch of science encompassing all these activities has been named Astroparticle Physics (ApP) or Particle Astrophysics.

3. Astroparticle Physics ? • A definition of Astroparticle physics has been adopted that comprises six domains: dark matter, dark energy, high-energy cosmic messengers, gravitational waves, proton decay, and the properties of neutrinos. • The size of these European communities is described in detail in an ASPERA report (2011): the number of FTE’s active in ApP is about 3000. • The number of scientific publications and the number of scientists in ApP have been increasing

4. , . . Astroparticle Physics ? Ref: The emergence of Astroparticle Physics, M.Bourquin and B. Revaz, ASPERA Report, June 2009.

5. Astroparticle Physics ? • How should these 6 domains organize themselves? Should one elaborate a new intergovernmental Convention for an organization on the model of CERN, with a seat in one of these laboratories? An Association of funding agencies with a seat in one of the member countries (following the model of LERU)? A Strategic Board of ESF?... • Several CERN recognised experiments are in the area of astroparticle physics. How should CERN participate? Scientifically? Technically? Politically?

6. What is ApPEC? • > In 2001 a few funding agency leaders agreed to sign a MoU for the formation of ApPEC. • - 6 agencies and ESF • - Has raised the profile of ApP in Europe • > “Currently” ApPEC consists of agencies from 12 countries • - Belgium (FNRS,FWO), France (IN2P3/CNRS, DSM/CEA), Germany (BMBF), Greece (Demokritos), Italy (INFN),Poland , Portugal (FCT), Romania (IFIN HH), Spain (MICINN), The Netherlands (FOM), Switzerland (CHIPP), United Kingdom (STFC), CERN (Observer). • - Chairmen J.J Aubert, J. Engelen, R. Petronzio, R. Wade, M. Spiro, M. Bourquin, and S. Katsanevas.

7. What is ApPEC? ApPEC operates: > Strategically through its Steering Committeeconsisting of heads of agencies > Operationally through its Science Advisory Committeecomposed of scientists (current chairman C. Spiering) The main achievements of ApPEC are: • the launching of pan-European peer reviews of the main fields of ApP • the successful submission of EU-I3 Astroparticle Physics network ILIAS (2005-2009) • the successful submission of the Astroparticle Physics EU-ERANET ASPERA (2006-2009) and its continuation ASPERA-2 (2009-2012) • the coordination with neighboring fields attested by its representation in the European Strategy Session of CERN Council and the common priorities defined with the Astrophysics ERANET ASTRONET and the ESFRI roadmap (2008-2009) • the initiation of an effort of world-wide coordination in the context of the OECD Global Science Forum study of Astroparticle Physics (2009-2010)

8. What is ApPEC? The main achievements of ApPEC are: • the publication in the context of ASPERA of a European Strategy for Astroparticle Physics (2008) and its update (2011). • This Roadmap is a timely input into the update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics launched by CERN Council.

9. Medium scale program and upgrades • Gravitational wave advanced detectors, • First detection in the next five-seven years ? • Dark matter searches, • WIMP dark matter proven or disproven in the next 10 years together with progress at the LHC ? • Neutrino property measurements, • Access to the largest part of the inverted mass hierarchy spectrum • Underground laboratories, • Continuation of support to the Gran Sasso, Canfranc ,Modane • Space-based detectors • Understand the composition/spectral features of cosmic rays.

10. Large scale projects Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the worldwide priority project, in the domain of TeV gamma-ray astrophysics . High-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea (KM3NeT), A global next-generation ground-based observatory A megaton-scale detector (LAGUNA/LAGUNA-LBNO) for low-energy neutrino astrophysics, proton decay and accelerator driven neutrino physics

11. Longer time-scale projects at the interface with other disciplines • Astroparticle physicists play a major role in many international Dark Energy programs, suchas the recently chosen Cosmic Vision ESA satellite EUCLID or the dominantly US-funded LSST observatory. • Gravitational wave research beyond the advanced detectors stage foresees two projects of a very large scale: the Earth-bound Einstein Telescope (ET) and the space-bound LISA project ( renamed NGO, New Gravitational Observatory, by ESA) .

12. Relations with CERN A JOINT CERN-APPEC workplan has been approved • APPEC is represented in the ESG.  • ApPEC is represented in ESSC • An ApPEC Working Group has been formed to draft a common Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Theory Program. • Discussions are taking place concerning other topics of common interest: common outreach activities, common R&D calls, common activities in Knowledge and Technology Transfer…

13. Relations with CERN • For the Krakow meeting, ApPEC has prepared a draft report and presented it orally. The report includes only ApP topics related to the update of the European Strategy for particle physics, and not topics more related to astrophysics

14. Relations with CERN • >> It includes • A common program on Astroparticle physics and accelerator based underground neutrino detectors • The strong complementarities in sensitivity and phase space coverage between LHC and direct dark matter searches (DARWIN, EURECA) • The crucial importance of the determination of the neutrino nature and the absolute scale of the mass both for the SM of particle physics and cosmology. And at a different level, • The complementarities of high energy cross section determination of UHECR with measurements at the LHC

15. Future of the coordination and project implementation > ApPEC adopts more progressive strategic and implementation objectives: done > Identifies the partners wishing to support a new coordination body, through a new Memorandum of Understanding: in progress

16. ApPEC as a New Coordination Body > Strategic objectives • Provide a discussion forum for the coordination of European Astroparticle Physics; • Develop and update long term strategies (e.g. Roadmap for European Astroparticle Physics); • Participate in the European scientific strategy with organizations such as the European Strategy Session of CERN Council and ESFRI; • Develop closer relationships with organizations involved in Astroparticle Physics research such as CERN, ESA and ESO; • Express collective views on Astroparticle Physics in international fora.

17. MoU for the Astroparticle Physics European Consortium (ApPEC) Internal Organization The General Assembly The Scientific Advisory Committee The Joint Secretariat and the General Secretary 1.International Contact, Computing and Industrial Relations (PT-DESY) 2. Networking, Theory and Education centre (Gran Sasso) 3. Strategic Actions, Interdisciplinarity and Outreach (APC, Paris7) Status: 9 institutions have signed the MoU First ApPEC General Assembly meeting November 29th, 2012

18. Coordination with non-European partners >> We have to go beyond Europe! To internationalize the process of coordination • An opportunity exists with APIF, Astroparticule Physics International Forum, under the umbrella of OECD GSF • “A venue for information exchange, analysis, and coordination, with special emphasis on strengthening international cooperation, especially for large programmes and infrastructures”.

19. Coordination with non-European partners • Topics recently discussed are gamma rays with CTA; neutrino physics at underground laboratories , accelerators (T2K) and reactors (DChooz, Daya Bay, RENO); and the search for gravitational waves . • In the next meeting • Dark energy with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), the main US project in this domain. • Space-based projects (if space agencies willing!). • Direct detection of dark matter, where APIF encourages underground laboratories to reinforce their collaboration. • Data access policies in astroparticle physics.

20. Relationship between ECFA and ApPEC • Cross-representation between RECFA and ApPEC exists and is very valuable. • An issue: • RECFA and ApPEC membership differ as ApPEC delegates represent the funding agencies of selected European countries, and observers. The ApPEC SAC is nominated by the ApPEC funding agencies. • ECFA represents the whole “European Particle Physics Community”, which include part of ApP. • Should there bean organisation such as ECFA representing the whole “European ApP Community”? • What is left out of ApP in ECFA? • Gravitational waves ( but organized in GWIC) • High energy cosmic messengers :CR, Gamma rays, neutrinos (an EC project ?) • Dark energy

21. Relationship between ECFA and ApPEC Solutions? • Implement a new committee independent from ECFA : the “European Committee for ApP” ? • Implement a new branch of ECFA to represent the non- particle physics aspects of ApP ? • Let ECFA represent APP, with the understanding that countries may nominate to ECFA scientists representing ApP • Let the SAC be nominated in a similar way as ECFA delegates • … • is very important, as there is no ECFA-like body for ApP, i.e. an independent organisation of scientists in the domain. • A cross-representation between ECFA and the SAC?

22. Thank you