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The Personal Computer and its file management

The Personal Computer and its file management. An introduction for non-MS users. Overview. Introduction to File Management Some important techniques An example : CDS/ISIS file structure Networking Security issues. Introduction.

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The Personal Computer and its file management

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  1. The Personal Computer and its file management An introduction for non-MS users

  2. Overview • Introduction to File Management • Some important techniques • An example : CDS/ISIS file structure • Networking • Security issues

  3. Introduction • The computer is a container of files which can be processed by the CPU • Most files are on the harddisk in a ‘file system’ • All actions on the computer are based somehow on file access : reading files (input) and writing files (output)

  4. All files are stored in a (inverterd) tree-like hierarchical structure : Hierarchical File Structure

  5. File Names • Proper (‘first’) name and extension part (family name), separated by ‘.’ • The extension indicates the type of file • Old style : 8.3 format, e.g. MyArticl.doc • New style : long names, multiple extensions, e.g. MyArticle.doc.backup • When necessary : reduction of long to short names : e.g. MyArti~1.doc

  6. Types of files • ‘Executable files’ : extensions • .exe • .com • .bat • .dll (only when called by .exe) • > binary files • Data-files : all other extensions • E.g. .doc, .txt, .dbf, .mdb, .php, .htm(l) • ISIS : .MST, .XRF, .PFT, .FST, .IFP … • > binary (or mixed) or ASCII (readable characters only) files

  7. File Associations • In Windows (and other operating systems as interfaces) data-files can be linked to executables to have the executable automatically launched with the data-file as input when clicked, if the executable is fully Windows-compatible • Other softwares (e.g. ISIS) provide their own mechanisms to automatically open data-files • How : assign extension to executable (Tools|Folder Options|File Types|…) or : Right-click|Properties|Open With|.. or …

  8. Make file extensions visible ! • Windows ‘hides’ known extensions and provides icons to distinguish them, but… • In order to fully control your system : • My Computer|Tools|Folder Options|View|uncheck ‘hide extensions for known file types’

  9. The command-line • Open a black ‘DOS-box’ or console • > Start|Run|’cmd’ (or ‘command’ previously) • Type commands at the command prompt (no case-sensitivity) : • E.g. ‘dir’ - CD windows • E.g. ‘cls’ - cd system32 • E.g. dir |more - cD .. • E.g. dir >filelist - Cd \windows\system32 • E.g. type filelist - cd \ • E.g. edit filelist - del *.* (???!!?!!??)

  10. Working with ASCII-files • ASCII : only the first 256 characters defined in the ASCII (or UNICODE-)table can be used • First 128 : fixed, e.g. A=65 and a=97, 127=DEL, 32= , 7=BELL etc. • Second 128 : extended, variable, e.g. 128=Ç, 156= £, 225=ß, etc. • Beware : ASCII <> ANSI (Windows table) ! • NOTEPAD for editing ASCII-files, in Windows : ‘text-files’ (= with extension .TXT)

  11. Something about (UNIX/) Linux • More secure, rigid and professional OS • Availability : • Commercial versions (e.g. SCO, HP, AIX..) • Free versions, e.g. Free BSD • Open source version, a.o. Linux, Solaris (since 14/06/2005!) • Originally : command consoles (like DOS), shell or terminal • Now : graphical (Windows-like) interface(s), e.g. KDE, Gnome • Main differences file system : • Case sensitive naming • ‘/’ instead of ‘\’ do denote directory-levels • Multi-user Security

  12. ISIS-file management • To get after full installation of WinISIS : • C:\WinISIS\ • \WinISIS\PROG\ • \WinISIS\MENU\ • \WinISIS\MSG\ • \WinISIS\WORK\ • \WinISIS\DATA\ with .PAR-files for each DB • \WinISIS\DATA\MyDB • \WinISIS\DATA\Data2 etc…

  13. ISIS file management • An ISIS database consists of many (at least 10) files : • MST • XRF • IFP (N01, N02, L01, L02, CNT) • FDT • FST(‘s) • PFT(‘s)

  14. Networking • Protocols : • > Network|Properties| • Windows Network Client -> LAN • TCP/IP -> Internet • Properties : IP, Subnet, Gateway, DNS • DHCP • ‘Mapping of network drives’ : added to list of storage devices with identifier (D-Z)

  15. Security issues • Anti-virus • What are viruses ? • Protection : all incoming data scanned for ‘signatures’ • Softwares : commercial and free • Firewall • Worms and Trojans • Ports protection • Windows Firewall • Pest control etc…

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