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January 13, 2013

January 13, 2013. EQ- How was reconstruction carried out in the South? Standard- USH10. Civil War and Reconstruction Test is Friday!!!. Table of Contents: 86. Reconstruction Powerpoint notes 87. Presidential v Congressional Reconstruction 88. Reconstruction Review.

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January 13, 2013

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  1. January 13, 2013 • EQ- How was reconstruction carried out in the South? • Standard- USH10 Civil War and Reconstruction Test is Friday!!! Table of Contents: 86. Reconstruction Powerpoint notes 87. Presidential v Congressional Reconstruction 88. Reconstruction Review

  2. Reconstruction1865-1877 USH 10

  3. Significance of amendments… • 13th amendment: abolished slavery! • 14th amendment: any person born in the U.S. is a naturalized citizen! • 15th amendment: can’t deny any U.S. citizen the right to VOTE!

  4. Atlanta after Sherman’s March to the Sea

  5. Atlanta after being burned

  6. Unusable railroad junction (Atlanta)

  7. Photo of LIVING Andersonville prisoner (southern prison)

  8. Reconstruction- 1865-1877 Rebuilding the South after the Civil War Legally Politically Socially Southerners resisted Black codes KKK created

  9. Presidential Radical Republican • Lenient on allowing Southern states to re-enter. • Moderate Republicans (both Lincoln and Johnson) • It only punished the higher officers of the Confederate Army. • Ten Percent Plan- Southern states had to • Ratify the 13th • Disown secession • 10% of 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance. • Lincoln assassinated- Johnson continues it his way • Congress hates it and tries to impeach • Wanted to punish ALL of those who fought for the South. • Wanted to have military rule in the South. The military would appoint governors to control different sections of the South. • Led by “Radical Republicans” in Congress • Wade-Davis bill- Southern states: • Ratify 13th • Have 50% of voters disown secession • In 1866- they get control of Congress; try to impeach Johnson • First Reconstruction Act- 1867 • Guarantee AA right to vote • Open elections for all to pick delegates to state constitutional conventions • New state constitutions, ratify 13,14,15th • By 1870- all Southern states back in Union • Fed troops kept in South to keep peace

  10. Freedman’s Bureau • The Bureau supervised all of the relief programs for the “freed” men. • They issued rations, clothing, and medicine.

  11. 40 Acres and a Mule • Freedmen families followed Sherman on his march to sea • In Savannah he announced his plan for those families • Abandoned Confederate plantations on coastal islands would be divided up • Every freedman family would get 40 acres and a mule • Would have helped 18,000 families • Johnson stopped it from happening

  12. Efforts to Educate Freedmen • Free schools established all over the South (3,000 schools) • Newspapers started • Colleges and Universities • HBCU’s (over 100 recognized schools created for the black community)

  13. Morehouse College • Founded in 1867 • In Atlanta, Georgia • Founded by a former slave and two ministers • Originally offered Ministry and Education

  14. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson • He violated the “Bogus” Tenure of Office Act. • He fired Stanton who was the Sec. of War without permission from the Senate. • Only kept office by one vote • Radical Republican attempt to take over Reconstruction

  15. Resistance to Reconstruction • Many in the South did not want Reconstruction to succeed • They did not want to guarantee rights to African Americans • They eventually won… • Violence • Refusal to follow directives • Harsh laws restricting freedmen’s rights

  16. Black Codes • Laws that Southerners placed on Freedmen • Southerners did not want freedmen to participate in politics. • Rights granted- marry, own property, use courts • Rights denied- testify against whites, serve on juries or militias, vote, sue, speak out about rights/problems Most recognized this as essentially a re-introduction of slavery.

  17. Ku Klux Klan • Originally founded in Tennessee in 1866 • Started as a Confederate War veterans club • Especially violent towards • People trying to vote • Northern whites who came South to help • Southern whites who tried to help with Reconstruction • Educated black people who tried to get involved in community affairs or speak out about problems • Difficult to stop- no weapons, courts run by KKK sympathizers • Federal troops sent to break it up • By 1872 the KKK was starting to lessen (wanted federal troops gone)

  18. The end of Reconstruction… Presidential Election of 1876 Democrats- Tilden Republicans- Hayes Hayes won popular vote but lost electoral vote He is declared winner, Southerners in Congress threaten Hayes makes…. Compromise of 1877- if Southerners will support him as President, he will remove troops from the South… They do… he does… AND NOW….. Reconstruction ends There is no federal presence in the South to protect freedmen Things get really bad. 

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