The Renal System

1. Paulina Gonez Cristina Santiago Jessie Vargas The Renal System

2. What is the renal system? • A group of organs that work together to make, store, and release urine. • Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra

3. Renal Structures • Kidneys: • produce urine to get rid of the waste inside the body and excreting it, they also regulate water amounts within the body. • Produce renin & erythropoietin • Ureter, blood vessels, & nerves enter through hilum.

4. Parts of Kidney: • Renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis • Kidney → nephron → glomerulus & associated tubule • Nephron is the smallest branch in the kidney that aids in removing wastes and excess water from blood. • Nephron →Bowman’s capsule →proximal tubule →loop of henle →distal tubule →collecting duct

7. Renal Structures • Ureter: • tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. • The uretrer end that is inside the kidney has a funnel-shaped expansion, the renal pelvis, that receives all the urine produced & carries it to the bladder.

8. Renal Structures • Bladder: • stores and releases urine • There are several blood vessels in the bladder: vesical arteries, the obturator, uterine, gluteal arteries, and even renal veins. • The sphincter muscle controls when urine excretes

10. Renal Structures • Urethra: • the tube attached to the bladder, that carries the urine out of the body.

11. III. How We Create Urine • STEPS: • Blood is pumped into the kidneys • all vital fluids are reabsorbed into the bloodstream • Toxins are secreted into the urinary tract • secreted out of the body as urine when mixed with water

12. Renal artery • Interlobar artery • Arcuate artery • Interlobar artery • Afferent Arteriole • Glomerular capillary • Efferent arteriole • Vasa racta and peritubular capillary • Interlobular vein • Arcuate vein • Interlobar vein • Renal vein This is the pathway of blood through the blood vessels of the kidney and nephron

13. Structures Involved • Within the urinary system a few key structures are involved • glandular kidneys • ureters • bladder • urethra

14. Transportation of Urine • Urine travels along the urinary tract, to the urinary bladder • While leaving the bladder, urine passes through the urethra • Together the bladder and the urethra eliminate urine, which is a process known as urination or micturition.

15. Transportation of Urine cont… • During micturition, the muscles within the urinary bladder contract and urine is forced out of the body through the urethra • Important fluids are absorbed from the filtrate during this process

16. Filtration • Occurs in the kidneys • Glomerular filtration • Bowman’s capsule • separates the blood into a cleaned blood product and a filtrate • filtrate travels along the nephron • concentrated into urine Absorption • Useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and they are returned to the blood • Secretion • Water is removed from the urine and is returned to the blood

17. Filtration cont… • The glomerular filtration rate is proportional to the filtration pressure • Each kidney contains around 64 square ft of filtration surface, resulting in a filtration rate of an incredible 125ml per minute

18. Regulation • Regulation of urine volume • Control of Na excretion • Na+ excreted = filtered Na+ – Na reabsorbed • Filtration rate controlled by arterial pressure • Decrease in Na+ =increase of renin = Na+ reabsorption • Regulation of water • Hypothalamus osmoreceptors regulate osmotic concentration • Regulation of K+ • Increase of Na+ decreases K+ • Increased K+ stimulates aldosterone

19. Urine • Urine: Fluid waste excreted by kidneys • Consist of: • Ions • Organic material • Water • Urea • Function: get rid of toxins • Color, odor, and consistency

20. Urine Renal Clearance: Measurement used to analyze the activity of the kidney • Concentration of substance in plasma • Rate of urine formation • Concentration of substance in urine • Plasma cleared of substance per minute

21. Micrition • Micrition: Basic process of urination • Consist of : • Kidneys • Bladder • Urethra • Autonomic and somatic nervous systems

22. Mictrition • Process: • Urethral sphincter remains tense • Voluntary signal sent to brain • Bladder muscles contract • Bladder emptied through urethra

23. Works Cited • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3 • http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000136&ptid=17 • http://www.innerbody.com/image_card08/card65-new.html • http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-bowmans-capsule.htm • Freudenrich, Craig, Dr. "HowStuffWorks "Inside a Kidney"" HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d. Web. 05 May 2014. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/kidney-urinary/kidney1.htm>. • Helmenstein, Anne M., Dr. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?" About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?>. • "Human Physiology/The Urinary System." - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. • "Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume - Boundless Open Textbook." Boundless. Boundless, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-urinary-system/urine/regulation-of-urine-concentration-and-volume/>. • "Regulation of Urine Concentration." Cliffnotes. Cliffnotes, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/anatomy-and-physiology/the-urinary-system/regulation-of-urine-concentration>. • "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 17 May 1991. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. • "Urine and Urination: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 05 May 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urineandurination.html>. • Watson, Stephanie. "The Truth About Urine." WebMD. WebMD Feature, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.