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Unrest in Asia and Africa

Explore the impact of nationalism in China, India, and the Middle East before and after World War I, including the rise of revolutionary movements, conflicts, and demands for independence.

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Unrest in Asia and Africa

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  1. Unrest in Asia and Africa The Effects of Nationalism

  2. Chinese Background • China in 1800s • Qing Dynasty • Opium Wars (Unequal Treaties) • Taiping Rebellion (Qing lost Mandate?) • Spheres of Influence • Boxer Rebellion (1900) • 1911 Revolution • Emperor abdicates • Yuan Shikai becomes first president new Republic of China • Warlords have lots of power too…turmoil ensues

  3. China angry over WWI Settlement • China declared war on Germany in 1917 hoping the Allies would give them back German controlled Chinese territory • Allies gave territory to Japan instead!!!

  4. May 4th Movement • Chinese protest! • Thousands demand change…strikes and protests • Communist Party formed 1921 as alternative to nationalists

  5. Two Major Chinese Groups • Partner to fight Chinese Warlords • Guomindang = nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek • Communists = Communists led by Mao Zedong

  6. Guomindang fights Communists • Chiang Kai Shek thinks Communists have too much power • In 1927 kills thousands of them…Chinese Civil War begins!

  7. The Long March • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMM8OzlnFYA • Mao Zedong leads 100,000 Communists on 6000 mile march to escape Guomindang and preserve Communism • Only 8,000 survive!

  8. India Pre WWI • British territory since 1700s • British East India Co. (Indirect Rule) • Changes • Sepoy Rebellion • 1858- Raj • ICS • Indian National Congress (1885) • Nationalism growing (Swadeshi) • Muslim League (1906)

  9. India

  10. India • Indian soldiers fought for the British Army in WWI • They expected that Britain would give India freedom • This did not happen!

  11. Indian people protest British rule • Thousands protest British rule in violation of British law • Rowlatt Acts • April1919…Amritsar Massacre…400 killed

  12. Gandhi’s influence • Teaches • Civil Disobedience • Ahimsa • Boycott British goods • Homespun Movement • Salt March • 1935-Limited Degree of Self-Rule

  13. Middle East Pre WWI • Ottoman Territory dating back to 1400s • Control everything from Turkey to Middle East to North Africa • During War- Armenian Genocide

  14. Middle East • After WWI Kemal Ataturk creates an independent Turkish nation out of the defeated Ottoman Empire • Goes against Peace Plan • Modernized Turkey…made it secular -no Muslim influence

  15. Middle East • Reza Khan becomes Shah Pahlavi of Persia and renames country Iran (1935) • Turns Iran into a modern state focused on education/industry

  16. Mandates Post - WWI

  17. French and British Mandates • Arab nationalists wanted independent Arab state from Syria to Yemen • Jewish Nationalists-Zionism-rebuild a Jewish state in ancient Jewish homeland • 1917- Balfour Declaration- British government declared its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine • Instead, this area given to French and British • Arabs and Jews angry

  18. Jewish immigration to area increases • With rise of Hitler in Europe… thousands of Jews escape to Palestine • Zionism…idea of a Jewish national home • Arabs upset that their land given away!

  19. Nationalism in Africa • Africans served in the European military during WWI • Expected to be rewarded for their service • No Africans involved in Post WWI settlement!

  20. Working for Independence • Pan-African Conferences demand independence • Egyptian protests lead Britain to give up Egypt (1922)

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