Aim: How do we choose a topic for our “How To” speeches?

1. Thursday, 2/14/13 • Aim: How do we choose a topic for our “How To” speeches? • DN: From your 3 limited topics, roughly outline what kind of information you will need for your speech. • HW: Find at least 3 possible topics.

2. “How to…” SPEECH • Process speech: • Tells how to do something (how-to speech) • How to do something (perform a soccer-style place kick) • How to make something (prepare healthy snacks) • How something works (how a helicopter flies)

3. Requirements for the ‘how to’ speech: • Select and limit an appropriate topic • Clearly state a specific purpose • Gather information from a variety of sources • Ask: does the topic relate to my audience’s experiences? • Organize the material • Ask: is the information new or can I offer new insights? • You will use audio/visual materials in your presentation – power point, posters, etc. • 2 minutes minimum – shouldn’t exceed 5 minutes. • We will have time in the library (maybe) and writing lab to work.

4. Why is it important to limit your topic? Choosing a Topic for the ‘how to’ speech… • Select a topic you are interested in • Select a topic you have prior knowledge about • Limit your topic • Narrow your broad topic to a few specific topics • Choose the one you are more knowledgeable about, or most interested in • Ex: TOPIC: Making lunch SPECIFIC TOPIC: sandwich LIMITED TOPIC How to make a PB&J sandwich • It is important to limit your topic. Your speech should be dedicated to 1 topic and not a general overview of your topic.

5. Make a list of speech topics for process (how to) speeches. Limit your topics. PROCESS Speech Topics: 1. How to get on American Idol 2. How to survive on a deserted isle 3. How to survive a zombie attack 4. How to eat … 5. How to play cricket 6. How to identify structure mirrors content 7. How to hotwire a car 8. How to commit the perfect murder 9. How to get into your dream college 10. How to survive high school

6. Possible Sources • Internet • Library • Interviews • Personal Experiences • Surveys • How do reliable sources make our speeches credible?

7. Introduction and Organization for Informative and process Speeches Introduction: • Attention getter: Start off with • A question – your audience is forced to listen and think • A shocking statement – surprise your audience • A story – or anecdote, hook the audience with a relevant story • Quotation: make sure it’s relevant • Personal reference: relate to the audience’s experience • Focus attention on the subject • Gain audience’s good will • Organization • Chronological: details, events are arranged in order, usually for expository speeches • Topical order: topic is broken down into parts and then arranged in an order by speaker, most common for expository speeches • Spatial order: details arranged according to their position in space, for descriptions. • Climatic order: arranges items according to their importance, least to greatest • Cause and Effect: show causes/conditions and the effects/results of those causes / conditions • Comparison/Contrast: show similarities and differences Which of these methods of organization works best for expository speeches? Process speeches?

8. Planning the Body • Determine the main points to stress. (There should be three for the informative speech). • Organize the main points in a consistent pattern the audience can follow. • Outline all material you plan to use in the speech.

9. Planning the Conclusion • Emphasize the key idea(s) of the speech. • Intensify the emotions, or feelings of the audience. Techniques for Conclusions: • Summary - short restatement of information • Recommendation -tell the audience the kind of behavior you would like them to follow • Stirring ending:use a vivid quotation, tell a story, give an illustration, or relate a personal story. Your aim is to intensify the emotions or feeling that you want the audience to experience.

10. Preparing Your Speech • Introduction: • Gains the attention and goodwill of the audience • Develops interest in the topic • Body: • Presents the main points in an organized pattern • Gives supporting information for the main points • Conclusion: • Emphasize key ideas of the speech • Leaves the audience with a greater interest in the topic.

11. How do we adapt our speech to our audience? • A. Experience: topics relate to audience’s knowledge • B. Familiarity: poll audience • C. Technical knowledge: adapt technical language to the level of understanding (ex: I know nothing about football, so you should…) • D. Details: especially for process • E. Essential steps: especially process • Answer: How do these 5 components help our audience gain information from our speech?

12. Three Methods for Aiding Retention of Information • Mnemonic devices: help memory by providing easy-to-remember associations (ex: acronyms: USA) • Audio-visual materials: tapes, graphs, charts, etc. • Demonstrations: especially for process speech How do these methods help make our speech interesting and effective?

13. What now? • Create/brainstorm an example for each of the three methods for your speech • Figure out which method will work best for your speech. • Continue/complete writing your speeches. • You may do all of these things with a partner.