“Church + State = #fail” 10/17/2011

1. “Church + State = #fail” 10/17/2011 • Imagine that Mr. Murray* had complete control over every aspect of your life. He is your principal, preacher, president, and your father. • What issues might this cause in your life? (3 sentences) • What are you willing to risk to escape this situation? (2 sentences) *Disclaimer: This is a “what if?” scenario. The aforementioned name is for educational connections only. Please no personal attacks.

2. Problems in England • King James I was both the head of the country and the Church. • The pilgrims (separatists) disagree with the teachings of the Church and form their own religious group. • Not belonging to the church meant not obeying the king. This was treason. • So the Pilgrims left England, in search of a safe place to practice their religion.

3. Problems continued… • The Pilgrims bought a small ship called the Speedwell. • They stayed long enough to get more colonists and another larger ship, the Mayflower. They set sail from Southampton on August 5, 1620. • The Speedwell wasn't in shape to make the journey, and the Pilgrims returned to Plymouth, England. • They crowded all 102 people onboard the Mayflower and set sail again, on September 16. This time, they kept going.

4. October 18, 2011 • Enter quietly and find your assigned seat. • Take out your homework from last night and put it in the appropriate tray. (It is okay if it is written on your notes, you will get it back promptly.) • Take out an additional Sheet of notebook paper and prepare it for taking notes. (write your name and date at the top • Sit quietly and wait for class to begin.

5. Puritans in Massachusetts • John Winthrop- first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony • Gives speech entitled “A Model of Christian Charity” in which he calls for his colony to be a “city upon a hill” • So shall we keep the unity of spirit, in the bond of peace…Ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.

6. Dissention in New England • Roger Williams- 1636, flees Massachusetts in order to escape prosecution. Sets up a new colony called Providence. It later becomes the capital of Rhode Island. • Anne Hutchinson- takes a leadership role in the spiritual progression of the colony • Puritan leaders described Anne as a “woman not fit for our society” • Hutchinson was banished from the colony in 1638.

7. Salem, Massachusetts • Salem Witch Trials

8. Life in the Middle- Pennsylvania • King Charles II owed money to the Penn Family of England • The youngest son, William committed himself to the Society of Friends (Quakers) a religious sect whose beliefs were radical for the time period. • William Penn asked that the king give the family a charter for land in America. • The king agreed and gave Penn a piece of land he called “Pennsylvania” or “Penn’s Woods.”

9. The Quaker Way • The Quakers believed that God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone. • They believed in equality for everyone (including women and minorities). • The embraced peace by refusing to serve in the military. • They were often scorned and harassed by Anglicans and Puritans. • As a lasting symbol of his beliefs, Penn planned a capital city he called the “City of Brotherly Love”….. • Philadelphia

10. Money, Money, Money, Money…MONEY! The economic systems of the northern, southern, and middle colonies

11. Mercantilism in the North Mercantilism- the theory that a country could be come wealthy and powerful in two ways: • Obtaining as much gold and silver as possible. • Selling more goods than it bought. • Colonists set up economically diverse colonies in order to make England richer. • Things that England had been purchasing from other countries could now be found or grown in America.

12. New England Economy • The northern colonies’ economy grew twice as fast as Great Britain’s economy did. • Grinding wheat, harvesting fish, and sawing lumber became thriving industries • These colonies also manufactured ships and great quantities of iron. • 1/3 of all British ships were produced by the colonists. (hint) • On average, colonists were healthier and 2 inches taller than their families in England.

13. The Southern Colonies • Farmers in the south specialized in raising a single cash crop, one grown for sale rather than the farmer’s own use. • Tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton were some of the cash crops grown in MD, VA, NC, SC, and GA.

14. Geography plays a key role • Throughout the South, plantations developed instead of towns. • Large farms sprang up along the rivers of the region. • Planters could easily ship their goods directly to the northern colonies and Europe. • Because plantation owners produced most of what they needed to live, the South saw no need for shops and markets and factories.

15. Slavery becomes an Institution • Colonists turned to the use of African slaves after efforts with Native Americans and indentured servants failed. • Although slaves cost more to purchase, they worked for life for free. • In addition, most white colonists saw the Africans’ dark skin as a sign of inferiority. • Racism becomes a justification for slavery.

16. Racism, discrimination, bias • Racism- • 1. The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, esp. so as to distinguish it as... • 2. Prejudice or discrimination directed against someone of a different race based on such a belief. • Discrimination- The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, age, or sex. • Bias-Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. • Stereotype-A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing: "sexual and racial stereotypes".

17. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade • The Three areas involved in the Triangle Trade were New England, West Africa, and the West Indies (the islands between North and South America) • Cloth, rum, and firearms were traded from New England to Africa • Slaves were traded from Africa to The West Indies. • Sugar, spices, molasses were traded From the West Indies to New England.