Tile Drains

1. Tile Drains Social Perception Subgroup Project Team: Mackenzie Hart, Laura Principato, Sara Halm, Diana Biggs

2. Problem statement Agricultural tile drains are a widely used method of converting wet fields to arable land through subsurface pipes that ultimately discharge into waterways, which may have damaging ecological effects. To address this potential issue an analysis of the attitudes and perceptions of farmers about the use of tile drains is needed.

3. Methods Image from Farmers Market (Full Moon Farm) - Research tile drain use in Chittenden County - Identified farmers with and without tile drains - Formulate questions; identify farmer priorities - Interview farms- at their location/ farmers market - Compiled interview responses - Determine current social impressions and repercussions of tile drains

4. Survey Questions

5. Tile Drain Owner 1. How long have you have you had a Tile Drainage system? 2. How long were you considering tile drains before they were installed? *3. What did you know about tile drains before you decided install them? *4. Why did you ultimately decide to install tile drains? *5. What resources did you use to learn more about tile drains? 6. How was the drainage system installed? 7. What are the benefits of this drainage system? *8. Are there any drawbacks to using tile drains? *9. Do you take any precautions to minimize sediment, nutrient and/or chemical flow from drainage pipe? *10. Are you aware of any alternative methods that achieve a similar result to a tile drainage system?* Interviewing at the Farmers Market

6. Tile Drain Free Farms 1. Have you considered installing tile drains? (Why/Why not) 2. Do you think you would benefit from using a tile drainage system? 3. Do you think there are any drawbacks to using tile drains? 4. Are you aware of any alternative methods that achieve a similar result to a tile drainage system?

7. Ranking Questions- administer to all farms (a) Rank threats to water quality from most important to least important · Sediment · Urban runoff · Pesticide and herbicide use · Nutrient loading (manure, fertilizers) (b) Practices they believe are most effective at addressing those threats (rank) · Buffers · Stream bank stabilization · Nutrient Management · Wetland Preservation (c) Which of these practices they would be interested in learning more about (rank) · Buffers · Stream bank stabilization · Nutrient Management · Wetland Preservation Farmer feedback: David Zuckerman suggested to use continuous scale

8. Findings: Farm Responses

9. Full Moon Farm: David Zuckerman

11. Jericho Settlers Farm

12. Unity Farm

14. Adam’s Berry Farm

17. Tamarack Hollow Farm: Amanda Andrews

18. Discussion/ Recommendations • The impact is determined by several factors specific to the land and management practices of the farm. • Land factors • Management practices • It is ineffective to draw a definite conclusion. • guidelines • resources for best management practices. Recommendation 1: 1.Assessment of the property to determine if the land is suitable for tile drainages. -Determine if a detrimental effect on the surrounding floodplain. 2. If the assessment concludes detrimental impact and the property owner still wanted to install tile drains a. retention pond or constructed wetlands b.changing management practices to reduce the impact. Recommendation 2:State webpage

19. Conclusions… • Implications of Climate change • Limitations of Study • Ranking vs Scaling • Small Sample Size • Time

20. Acknowledgements Marli Rupe, thanks for helping! Adam Hausman and Jessica Sanford of Adam’s Berry Farm Neil Marchessi from Unity Farm (owned by Cathy Wells) Andy Jones from Intervale Community Farm David Zuckerman from Full Moon Farm Amanda Andrews from Tamarack Hollow Christa from Jericho Settlers Farm