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Alcohol and Drugs In Review

Ms. Dunsford. Alcohol and Drugs In Review. Goals. Gain knowledge on D&A in order to: Understand effects Make positive decisions Handle peer influence Understand addiction Realize influences Seek help (if needed). Agenda. Review of Drugs Alcohol Drinking & Driving Marijuana

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Alcohol and Drugs In Review

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  1. Ms. Dunsford Alcohol and DrugsIn Review

  2. Goals • Gain knowledge on D&A in order to: • Understand effects • Make positive decisions • Handle peer influence • Understand addiction • Realize influences • Seek help (if needed)

  3. Agenda • Review of Drugs • Alcohol • Drinking & Driving • Marijuana • Nicotine & Caffeine • Prescription Drugs • Other drugs • Effects of Use • Addiction • Stages of Addiction • Impact of Family & Society • Treatment & Recovery

  4. Alcohol • Drug – mood altering • Central nervous system Depressant • Effects every organ of body • Blocks messages to brain that alters your perceptions and emotion

  5. FACTS - Alcohol • No. 1 abused substance by teens, illegal • Why? Before 14 more likely for addiction • 56.3% Alberta teens use, 12% harmful use • 17.6% use-ages 15-17 in Canada (Health Canada, 2004)

  6. SOCIETAL IMPACT • Readily available • Relatively inexpensive • Societal acceptance • Experimentation with alcohol to be “a right of passage”. • Teens model adult behavior • Media influences

  7. Myths • Females have same effects of alcohol in same doses • 1-2 drinks will not affect a person’s driving • Alcoholism is a choice, not a disease • Drinking alcohol makes you happier • The only reason drinking under 18 is illegal is because teens are considered irresponsible

  8. Withdrawal Symptoms • Shaking (tremors), irritability • Sleep problems, nausea, anxiety • Hallucinations, convulsions, extreme agitation • A HANGOVER is withdrawal symptoms!

  9. Chronic alcohol use • Dependence and addiction • Damage to brain that are irreversible • Vitamin (B-1-thiamine) deficiency - impaired memory, confusion or amnesia, and disorientation • Blackouts, short term memory • Ulcers, weakening heart muscles, liver damage • Facial changes, hoarseness, inflamed stomach

  10. Drinking & Driving • 3 in 10 people will be in alcohol related car accident in their lives • # 1 cause of death 15-19, 45% crashes alcohol/drug related • BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentration – level of alcohol in the blood stream – 0.08 Legal: • Temporary driving permit - 21 days, automatic 3 month driving suspension • A conviction will result in a minimum 12 month driving prohibition & minimum fine of $600 • Subsequent convictions can result in imprisonment.

  11. BAL Chart

  12. CANNABIS • Marijuana – joint, tea, with food, water pipe • Many street names – weed, pot, reefer… • Depressant, though increase heart • THC - cannabis plant (tetrahydrocannabinol) • “Gateway drug” - more than 60% of marijuana users progress

  13. FACTS-marijuana • 27.6% of teens in Alberta, 5.8% abuse • 39.3% use – ages 15-17 in Canada (Health Canada, 2004) • One marijuana joint has as many chemicals as 1 tobacco cigarette • Traces of THC -30 days after use • Addiction does occur (psychological) • Desired effect -Euphoria, relaxation, alter perceptions • Undesired effects do exist…

  14. Myths • Marijuana is natural & not harmful. • Marijuana is NOT addictive • Driving under the influence of marijuana does not impairs driving. • Eating while being “high” makes the experience last longer

  15. Effects- marijuana • Heart Rate Increase • Slows Reactions • Effects Mood & Perceptions  • Confused or Anxious • Reduce Short Term Memory   • Panic Attacks    • Cancer – lung, throat • A-motivation syndrome - Depression & Fatigue • Lowered Sperm Count • Underachievment - Tolerance and Addiction

  16. 1)PRESCRIPTION MEDCATIONS • Tranqulizers • Sleeping pills, barbiturates • Example: Valium • Sense of calm to treat anxiety • Harmful Effects - Sleep problems, unconsciousness, addictive, stomach pain, mood or mental changes, dizziness, convulsions

  17. Prescription Medications “OTC” = over the counter drugs Some examples: 1) Stimulants - Ritalin, Aderol 2) Depressants – Valium, Xanax & Rohypnol – date rape drug, lethal • sedative-hypnotic • causes muscle relaxation and amnesia

  18. Prescription - cont 3) Opoids – examples: • A) Morphine, Codeine • B) Percocet /OxyContin • commonly abused • increased effect with increased dose, orally or snorted, deadly Triple C – contains DXM • Cough and Cold Corcidin • Red pill taken orally • 10-30 milligrams

  19. UPPERS - Stimulants Drugs that Stimulate Central Nervous System Examples: • CAFFEINE AND NICOTINE • ECSTACY • COCAINE • AMPHETAMINE (meth)

  20. 1) NICOTINE Did YOU Know? • 26.4% teens smoke in Alberta (2002) • 75% of young smokers want to quit • Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine • 90% of smokers started smoking before age 18 • Tobacco companies spend $16 million dollars a day on advertising (most target youth)

  21. The TRUTH • Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals - 50 cause cancer. • Smoking is one of the hardest addictions to overcome. • Nicotine & Caffeine have harmful effects! • Addiction, chronic headaches, decreased appetite, anxiety, lung cancer • The good news: Every year, thousands quit smoking

  22. 2) ECSTACY • MDMA - Adam, ecstasy, E, X • 5.3 % teen use in Alberta • 10.1% us in Canada(Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) • Pill, tablet, capsule • Effects similar to those of amphetamines and cocaine use • Harmful effects: depression, anxiety, paranoia, increased heart rate, teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills or sweating.

  23. 3) COCAINE • Street Names - “Crack, Blow, Coke” • 2.9% teens use in Alberta, 9.8% use in Canada (Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) • Powerfully addictive – dopamine - demo • Harmful effects-increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia, depression

  24. 4) AMPHETAMINES • Street Names – “Meth, Crystal Meth, Crank, Speed” • Orally or intravenously (snorting the powder), by intravenous injection, and by smoking • 5.3 % teen use in Alberta • Harmful effects: irritability, insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, aggressiveness, convulsions, excessive weight loss, teeth

  25. METH • Tolerance develops rapidly • High doses leads to paranoia, hypersensitivity and impulsive behavior • Effects similar to those of cocaine • Meth Labs – common products, illegal, all ingredients are poisonous • Tweaking – 3-15 hours no sleep, irritable, paranoid • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at3Sg6qvgTE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hceKVkM83c

  26. DOWNERS Drugs that Depress Central Nervous System Examples: • ALCOHOL • TRANQUILLIZERS/PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS • NARCOTICS/OPIATES • INHALANTS

  27. NARCOTICS The Opiates (or Narcotics) - made from opium poppy or chemicals with same effect Examples: • HEROIN • MORPHINE • OPIUM • METHADONE • Some prescription medication

  28. One example: Herion • Street Names “ Smack, Junk, Horse” • Effects: Euphoria, fatal overdose, collapsed veins, infectious diseases, infection of the heart and liver disease. • Heroin costs - $2500-$5000 an once (vary) • Harmful Effects-Damage to organs, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, malnutrition, convulsions, coma and death

  29. INHALANTS • Depressants • 1,000 common household products • Examples: Paint thinner, gasoline, hair spray, whipped cream dispensers, lighters, glue, polish remover • sniffed directly from an open container or "huffed" from a rag soaked • Signs of use – rash, odor, dizziness

  30. FACTS- Inhalants • 5.6% Alberta teens have used, vs. 1.4% in Canada (Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) • Are poisonous • Absorbed into bloodstream within minutes • Mixing with other drugs=coma or death • Physical effects – hearing loss, damage to brain, liver, kidneys. • Harmful effects - Drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, severe headaches, depression, heart failure and death

  31. “ALL -AROUNDERS” Drugs that have various effects on the Central Nervous System Examples: • CANNABIS • HALLUCINOGENS

  32. HALLUCINOGENS Drugs that distort perception of reality Examples: • LSD • MUSHROOMS • PCP (Phencyclidine) • KETAMINE

  33. LSD • Street Name – “Acid” • odorless, colorless, slightly bitter taste • Harmful effects: higher body temperature, sweating, sleeplessness, tremors, flashbacks, paranoia

  34. MUSHROOMS & PCP • Mushrooms: – “shrouds, magic mushrooms” • 10.4 % use • Poisonous • PCP - “Angel Dust” • Was a surgical anesthetic, various drug effects • animal tranquilizer • Mostly smoked, liquid - sprayed on • Effects: psychosis, coma, violent behavior

  35. KETAMINE • Street Names - “Special K” • Animal tranquillizer - Powder or liquid • Has been used for “date rape” • Harmful effects: visual distortions, amnesia, impaired motor function and potentially fatal respiratory problems.

  36. HALLUCINOGENS • EFFECTS OF USE • Distorted perceptions • Illusions, hallucinations • Violence or erratic behavior • Depression • “Awake” coma = catatonic syndrome • psychosis, death

  37. STERIODS • Anabolic Steroids • Examples: Depo-testosterone, durabolin • Reason for Use - Increased muscle • Effects different-gender • Harmful Effects – Liver cysts, retards growth of bones, hardens arteries, aggressiveness, high blood pressure, heart attack

  38. What is Addiction? • Change in brain chemistry • Affects neurotransmitters that affect: • Alertness (norepinephrine) • Cravings (dopamine) • Reward seeking behaviors (seratonin) • Need more drug to have same release=effect • http://www.nida.nih.gov/scienceofaddiction/brain.html

  39. Addiction Activity • Listen to story • Follow instructions at each vignette • First, with your paper • 2 favourite things on PURPLE • 2 favourite hobbies on GREEN • 2 goals for yourself on PINK • 2 favourite people on GOLD

  40. Discussion • How did you feel ripping up first 2? • Second, third, fourth 2 pieces of paper? • What was the easiest, hardest? • How does ripping up “x” relate to addition? • How would it feel to loose all of this?

  41. STAGES OF ADDICTION • Abstinence / No use • Social / Experimental/ Recreational • Easy to get “high”, misuse, with friends • Regular Use • Use frequent, tolerance, negative effects • Preoccupation / Abuse • Constant thoughts, unsuccessful to stop • Addiction / Dependence

  42. Signs of Addiction • Tolerance • Dramatic change in mood • School or work problems • Denial of problem • Lying about use • Having supply of drug • Using while alone • Relationship Problems • Memory loss • Minimizing use • Health problems • Loss of control while using • Suicidal thoughts

  43. Overdose – what to do • Mental Confusion • Vomiting • Seizures • Slow breathing • Hypthermia • What to do: • Call 911 – Get help • Recovery Position

  44. Addiction & Treatment • Prevention is key! • Indications of Addiction • What if someone you know is addicted or headed towards addiction? • Getting help – recovery and treatment • Support Organizations - Alcoholics Anonymous, AL-ANON, ALATEEN • Organizations – i.e. Alberta Health Services

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