Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs

1. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Mr. Ramos

2. Lesson 1:Following Guidelines for the Use of Medicine • Objectives: • Explain how to identify the two basic groups of medicine. • Describe the various prescription and over-the-counter drugs. • Explain how prescription and over-the-counter drugs are purchased. • Discuss how to use medicines safely.

3. Types of Medicines • There are good drugs and bad drugs. • A drug is a substance other than food that changes the way the body or mind functions. • A medicine is a drug that prevents or cures diseases or relieves its symptoms. • All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicine.

4. Types of Medicines • Medicines are classified into two groups: • Prescription drugs (Rx)are medicines that a person can get only by a written order from a physician. • Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, are medicines that a person can get without a physician’s written order. • Prescription and over-the-counter drugs are legal. • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decides which drugs require a prescription in the US.

5. Types of Medicines • Analgesics are pain relievers. They block the body’s pain signals to the brain. Aspirin is an analgesic. • Antacids relieve heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. • Antibiotics treat infections caused by bacteria. • Antihistamines relieve the symptoms of allergies.

6. Types of Medicines • Cough Medicines fall into two categories: antitussives stop the coughing reflex; expectorants thin the mucus so that it can be cleared away by coughing. • Decongestants reduce the swelling of the tissues inside the nose and ease the feeling of being stuffed up. • Sedative hypnotics treat anxiety or sleep disorder.

7. How Medicines are Purchased • Which OTC drug is right for you? • Tylenol or Acetaminophen? • A generic drug is a copy of a brand-name drug. • Generic drugs are cheaper than brand-name drugs. • Generic drugs are generally as effective and of the same quality as brand-name drugs. • Kids should never buy any medicine on their own vs.

8. How Medicines are Purchased • A pharmacist is a health professional who is licensed to prepare and sell prescription drugs. • Drugs typically have side effects. A side effect is an unwanted reaction to a drug. • Read the label, expiration date, and warning before you take any medicine.

9. Prescription Drug Label

10. OTC Drug Label

11. Using Medicines Safely • Drug misuse is taking a prescription or over-the-counter medication for medical reasons but using it incorrectly. • Examples of drug misuse: • Not following the directions on the drug label • Taking extra doses of the drug • Sharing or borrowing someone else’s prescription • Mixing medicine with alcohol or other harmful substances

12. Using Medicines Safely • Guidelines for the Safe use of Medicines • Follow directions on the drug label & note side effects • Ask your physician or pharmacist any questions you have • Store medicine out of reach of children and pets • Do not take medicine that is past its expiration date • Do not drink alcohol while on any medication

13. Using Medicines Safely • Guidelines for the Safe use of Prescription Drugs • Remind your physician of allergies that you have before he or she writes the prescription • Double-check that the pharmacy has given you the right medicine • Call the physician immediately if you feel worse after taking the medicine • Make sure your physician knows if you are on any other medications; this helps prevent possible drug interaction • Finish all the medicine in your prescription, unless otherwise directed by a physician • Store the medicine as directed.

14. Using Medicines Safely • Guidelines for the Safe use of OTC drugs • Choose the right medicine for your symptoms • Store all your medicines in their original containers • Buy only sealed packages of OTC drugs. Do not purchase a package that is opened or damaged. • Seek medical care if your symptoms continue.

15. Using Medicines Safely • Long Term Use of Medicine • Use a planner or notebook to record or check off what you take each day and when. • Sort our weekly dosage of pills into a pill organizer or placing your medication next to an object that you use every day.

16. Lesson 2:Resisting Drug Misuse and Abuse • Distinguish between drug misuse and abuse. • Explain how drug misuse and abuse affect health and society. • Discuss ways to resist pressure to misuse or abuse drugs. • Explain how to get treatment for drug misuse or abuse.

17. Drug Misuse and Abuse • Drug misuse may lead to drug abuse. • Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug when no medical or health reasons exist. • People may abuse OTC and Rx drugs, as well as illegal drugs. • Illegal drugs are drugs whose use, sale, or purchase is outlawed by the government. • Examples: cocaine, marijuana, heroin, etc. • Alcohol and tobacco are illegal for minors. • Drug use refers to drug misuse and abuse.

18. Faulty Thinking about Drug Misuse & Abuse • Why do some teens take drugs? • Fit in with peers: • Having social skills helps teens make and keep friends without taking drugs. • Relax and be less depressed: • Drug use actually adds stress to a person’s life. • Escape boredom: • Becoming involved in school and other activities relieves boredom and the desire to turn to drugs.

19. Faulty Thinking about Drug Misuse & Abuse • Why do some teens take drugs? • Rebel against authority: • Some teens may feel angry and want to hurt their parents, guardians, or other family members by engaging in destructive behaviors. Drugs can make teens angrier and even violent. • Appear adventurous: • Using drugs interferes with a teen’s ability to achieve his or her goals.

20. Risks of Drug Use • Addiction is the compelling need to continue a behavior, such as drug use, even if it is harmful. • Addictions lead to psychological and physical dependence. • Psychological dependence is a condition in which a person develops a mental or emotional need for a drug or other substance. • Physical dependence is repeated drug use that causes tolerance. • Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes used to a substance and needs greater quantities to produce the same effect.

21. Risks of Drug Use • It is not that easy to quit. • Withdrawal is the unpleasant mental and physical symptoms a person experiences when he or she is dependent on a drug or other substance and stops using it. • As a person develops tolerance for a drug and takes more and more, he or she may overdose. • An overdose is an amount of a drug so excessive that it makes someone ill or causes death.

22. Signs of Teen Drug Misuse and Abuse • Doing poorly in school • Frequently missing school • Experiencing extreme mood swings • Losing or gaining weight for no apparent reason • Hanging out only with friends who use alcohol or other drugs • Feeling depressed or anxious • Selling or stealing belongings to get more money for alcohol or other drugs.

23. Harmful Effects of Drug Use • Effects on physical health: • Damage to brain, liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart. • Person is at increased risk for Hepatitis B or C • Affects thinking and emotions • People who use drugs may become sexually active and increase the risks of pregnancy and HIV.

24. Harmful Effects of Drug Use • Effects on mental and emotional health: • Increase likelihood of dropping out of school • Grades in school start to slip • Increased risk for confusion, behavior problems, and depression. • Drug use damages the brain and may result in permanent changes in the way the brain functions.

25. Harmful Effects of Drug Use • Effects on family and social health: • Increased risk of lying or committing crimes to get money to buy drugs.

26. Drug Use and Society • The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. • Health Care: Drug use costs the U.S. billions of dollars each ear • 1/3 of all HIV cases are related to drug use through sharing needles. • Visits to the ER

27. Drug Use and Society • The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. • Crime: A crime is a violation of the law. • Stealing and drug trafficking • Innocent people can be harmed • People may feel unsafe in neighborhoods where drug activity is common

28. Drug Use and Society • The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. • Costs to family: • Family may have to pay for treatment program • Teens who use drugs may have difficulty making money to support themselves • They may need welfare or other state support if they cannot keep a job

29. How to Resist Pressure to use Drugs • Follow these four steps to resist pressure to use drugs: • 1. Say “NO” in a firm voice • 2. Give reasons for saying “NO” • 3. Be certain your behavior matches your words • 4. Ask an adult for help if you need help

30. Protective Factors • Several protective factors have been shown to help teens avoid risk behaviors such as drug use: • Having strong family bonds • Achieving success in school • Being involved in school and community activities • Being educated about drug use • Having positive self-esteem • Being able to express and manage emotions • Being able to use resistance skills • Having friends with similar values • Having goals and a sense of purpose

31. Treating Drug Misuse and Abuse • In a drug intervention a trained professional, family, and friends meet with the person who uses drugs to discuss the drug use and to encourage the person to get treatment. • Teens can also call a national organization for guidance, such as the National Substance Abuse Help Line, Alcoholics Anonymous, or Narcotics Anonymous.

32. Treating Drug Misuse and Abuse: Withdrawal • Different drugs produce different withdrawal symptoms. • Withdrawal from alcohol may produce hallucinations, seizures, increased pulse and blood pressure, and vomiting. • A physician may prescribe medicine to help reduce the withdrawal symptoms.

33. Lesson 3:Resisting Tobacco Use • Objectives • Identify types of tobacco products and their harmful ingredients. • Identify harmful effects of using tobacco products. • Identify harmful effects of secondhand smoke. • Explain how to resist pressure to use tobacco. • Examine influences on tobacco use and regulations. • Discuss how to quit using tobacco products.

34. Tobacco Products • Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves that can be smoked, chewed, or sniffed for the effects of the nicotine contained in them. • Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco and may cause cancer. • Nicotine alters mood, stimulates the central nervous system, increases heart rate and pressure, and increases health risk problems. • Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, the leading cause of death in the United States.

35. Tobacco Use

36. Tobacco Products • Cigarettes are paper-wrapped rolls of finely shredded tobacco. • Bidis are small, unfiltered cigarettes from india. They come in a variety of flavors, such as chocolate, vanilla, cherry, and licorice. They contain more tar and nicotine than other cigarettes. Any product that contains tobacco harms health

37. Tobacco Products • Cigars are made from tobacco rolled in leaves. People who smoke cigars have the same risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus as those who smoke cigarettes. • Chewing tobacco is shredded tobacco leaves that are placed in a wad inside the cheek and occasionally chewed.

38. Tobacco Products • Snuff is finely ground tobacco leaves that are placed between the cheek and the gum or the lower lip and the gum. • Electronic cigarettes are battery operated cigarettes that contain nicotine and other carcinogens. They may also cause cancer. Any product that contains tobacco harms health

39. Tobacco and Your Health • Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer and are contained in cigarette smoke and in tar. • Tar is the sticky fluid formed when tobacco burns. • When tar accumulates in the lungs, it sticks to the cilia. • Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory system that help remove dust and other harmful materials from the body.

40. Tobacco and Your Health • Carbon monoxide, an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas, also is found in tobacco smoke. • Carbon monoxide increases the heart rate and reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. • Smoking tobacco can lead to emphysema. • Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli become damaged, which gradually limits the ability of the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.

41. Tobacco and Your Health • Smoking causes wrinkles and premature aging. • Smoking dulls the complexion and stains fingers and teeth. • Smoking decreases the sense of smell and taste. • Smoking causes chronic cough and increased likelihood of respiratory illnesses.

42. Effects of Second Hand Smoke • Secondhand smoke is the smoke exhaled by a person who smokes and the smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. • According to the American Lung Association, passive smoking causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer and more than 35,000 deaths from heart disease each year. • Infants and children are also affected by tobacco. • Fetal smoking syndrome is the presence of birth defects in a baby born to a mother who smoked during pregnancy. • A baby’s exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS.

43. How to Avoid Secondhand Smoke • Choose nonsmoking spaces in restaurants. Ask to move if you are too close to smoking areas. • Spend time with friends who don’t smoke. • Politely remind others to obey nonsmoking signs. • Keep fans on and windows open if you live with a person who smokes, or ask the person to smoke outside.

44. Influences and Regulations • Teens are influence to use tobacco for a variety of reasons: • Advertising companies • Magazines • Television • Shows • Movies • Protective factors, such as self respect, social skills, and anger and stress management skills, give teens reasons to avoid tobacco use.

45. How to Quit Using Tobacco Products • Some people go “cold turkey,” which means they abruptly stop using tobacco. • Some people cut down their tobacco use gradually. • Some people join groups and encourage each other.

46. Benefits of Quitting Tobacco • More Money • Better breath • Better sense of taste & smell • Cleaner skin and hair • Improved physical condition • Easier Participation in physical activities • Reduced risk of developing certain cancers and heart disease • Longer and better life

47. Lesson 3 Review • Compare the types of tobacco products, and identify health risks associated with each type. • Explain reasons that some teens start smoking. • Summarize the four steps you can use to resist pressure to use tobacco. • Discuss the regulations regarding tobacco use for teens. • Make a pamphlet that outlines the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.

48. Lesson 4:Resisting Alcohol • Objectives: • Identify factors that influence blood alcohol concentration. • Recognize ways alcohol harms the body, mind, and relationships. • Describe laws relating to alcohol. • Explain how to resist pressure to use alcohol.

49. Blood Alcohol Concentration • Alcohol is a drug found in some beverages that slows down the central nervous system. • Alcohol is a depressant • Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood when he or she drinks. • BAC is influence by several factors: • How much alcohol you consume • Length of time a person drank alcohol • Person’s weight, height, gender, & tolerance • Other drugs • Drinking on empty or full stomach

50. Blood Alcohol Concentration • A person’s BAC is an indicator of how much his or her abilities have been impaired or damaged. • A BAC of 0.05% results in impaired judgment and coordination. • In most states, a BAC of 0.10% is considered legally intoxicated. In many states the limit is 0.08%.