PRESENTATION BY: Philotheusy Justin Mbogoro National Coordinator Tanzania Cities Network City Hall Sokoine Drive/Morog

1. TANZANIA CITIES NETWORK(TACINE)(TanzaniaCities/Municipalities Knowledge sharing Cooperation for improved Urban Planning to meet expected Service delivery and Local Economic Development) PRESENTATION BY: Philotheusy Justin Mbogoro National Coordinator Tanzania Cities Network City Hall Sokoine Drive/Morogoro road P.O Box 70729 Dar es Salaam Tanzania E-mail:mbogoro@hotmail.com,Cell:+255 754 436494 / +255 788 411072 +255 715 490975

2. INTRODUCTION:TACINE’s functions are organised around the City/Municipal Development Strategy quadrants of Safety, Inclusivity, Productivity, Sustainability and Governance.

3. Goals of Tanzania Cities Network • Promote good governance and management of Tanzanian Cities/Municipalities • Analyse strategic challenges facing Tanzanian cities, particularly in the context of global economic integration and national development • Collect, collate, analyse, assess, disseminate and apply the experience of large city/Municipal government in a Tanzanian context • Promote a shared-learning partnership between different spheres of government to support the governance of Tanzanian cities/Municipalities

4. Dar es Salaam Mwanza Tanga Mbeya Ilala Kinondoni Temeke Arusha Zanzibar …but the interaction will be going far beyond the nine… Non-profit voluntary organisation owned by and accountable to its members via a Steering Committee Operates through a small secretariat and Coordinators at every Member City/Municipal level Funded by Cities, Donors and May be Central Government in the future Focuses on documentation and dialogue for better Urban development policy/Strategies Membership & Governance

5. Need for differentiated, targeted support programme rather than `one size fits all’ Alignment with other emerging learning networks(districts, secondary towns, small towns) Strategy based on strengthening rural-urban linkages rather than unhelpful urban vs. rural dichotomy Cities/Municipalities as new units of competitiveness and productivity within global economy Cities/Municipalities as national economic drivers Demographic shifts Urbanisation of poverty Why Special Focus on Cities/Municipalities?

6. Strategic Environmental Challenges facing Tanzanian Cities/Municipalities • Urbanisation and migration At national level the Household budget survey 2001 and 2007 provides useful data. There is no reliable data at City/Municipal that guides the development plans.In Tanzania the urban population has increased from a low base of 5.7 percent to 22.6 percent over the period 1967 -2002. The average growth in accordance to Department of Human Settlement is 2.9 but actual growth rate in Dar es Salaam is not known. The situation makes difficulty for the Cities/Municipal Authorities to provide satisfactory services in waste management and environmental conservation.

7. Strategic Environmental Challenges facing Tanzanian cities/Municipalities • Waste management and environmental conservation Generally in all Cities and Municipalities there is poor management in liquid and solid waste. The drainage system are poor and old, new structures are poorly constructed. Proactive Maintenance doesn’t exist. There is wide spread of uncollected solid waste in the cities like Dar es Salaam making the city dirty and vulnerable to constant outbreak of cholera. The street sweeping is better and visible. Effort is being made to improve the situation in all Cities and Municipalities by involving the private sector and civil society organization in the management of waste.

8. Strategic Environmental Challenges facing Tanzanian cities/Municipalities • Infrastructure development • Urban traffic congestion is a significant challenge for Dar es Salaam and has direct implications for productivity and growth. Most of the roads are old, narrow not properly maintained and during rainy season floods are frequent occurrence. • Almost in all Cities the Access to electric power is limited to few, usage is inefficient, power cuts are erratic and unreliable and this has huge economic implications. Street lights are limited to few areas and most of the time not working.

9. Strategic Environmental issues facing Tanzanian cities/Municipalities Land Management • Land tenure and security is a centralized system. It is estimated that 90% of Tanzanian cannot be located land through property system[1]. The difficulty of acquiring and developing land legitimately is difficult. Land use planning mechanisms in Tanzania have failed to regulate urban development. The formal system is weak and not enforceable. According to the World Bank study[2] “Tanzania’s system of government-managed land delivery has suffered from a thorough breakdown in its chain of procedures, particularly cadastral surveying. For at least forty years the demand for urban land has significantly exceeded the formal supply. As a consequence of informal settlements dominate the cities/Municipalities. [1] URT, Property & Business Formalization Programme (MKURABITA) [2] World Bank – “Research Paper on Urban Transition in Tanzania Mainland • Hence the informal settlement is one of the obstacle which makes the City/Municipal Authorities to under perform in solid and liquid waste management.

10. Strategic Environmental issues facing Tanzanian cities/Municipalities • HOUSING According to the Household Budget Survey 2001/2002 it is estimated that a quarter of urban households that 25.5 per cent live in one room and another 15.5 per cent live in two rooms. There is inadequate house units in the urban areas for both poor and middle level people and most of the houses are constructed by the informal sector and do not conform to building regulations. With less than 10 percent of Tanzania’s land demand for housing being provided by the formal delivery system (Kombe 2001), the informal land market has played a critical role in reducing the housing pressures created by demographic growth, migration, and reclassification of areas. The National Housing Settlement Development Policy of 2000 provided for human settlement, urban planning and housing, but planning is given greater priority over housing.There is a huge gap between the demand and supply of houses. Councils are having no plans for investment/provision of housing, apart from land allocation. Housing is centralized system. It is time all LGAs be challenged to provide proactive partnership initiatives to address the housing problem to solve the local demand and lack of supply.

11. Strategic Environmental Challenges facing Tanzanian cities/Municipalities Investment Attraction FDI investment in Tanzania is low. For Dar es Salaam one of the fastest growing City in Africa, there is little incentive to attract investor, because of the poor infrastructure (poor roads, erratic power cuts, unreliable water supply, poor drainage, etc). The land allocation and services rated is poor and not attractive. Local investor are also discourage with the same above reason no wonder the informal sector is mushrooming in alarming state and uncontrollable. Tanzania has a huge and un-tap economic development potential (the harbors, airport, railway network, beach, ocean, land, population, etc) to be an investor destination. There is a demand/need for a local economic development plan that is partnership led, practical, innovative, incentive led etc. The bureaucrats’ in cities and municipalities need to be innovative and tap the human resources potential in the city to turn around the city to be a commercial metropolitan that is business oriented and inclusive of its citizens in socio economic development.

12. Strategic Environmental issues facing Tanzanian cities Good Governance Tanzania is a democratic State whereby leadership from the lowest level of the Local Government (Mtaa) are elected after every 5years term. Every Mtaa have Executive officers employed by the Cities/Municipalities Unfortunately the mitaa and ward local government are not very active. Most urbanities are rarely informed (most do not know) about the quarterly mitaa meeting. The importance of mitaa and ward to lead the socio economic development is great but not fully utilized. The annual mitaa development plans are developed by few and the plans are so weak that City/Municipal staff decide on annual priorities for the people instead of the reverse. There is a great need to proactively push community to be more involved in the lower level government planning.

13. Cities and Municipalities themselves create a natural direct link to the population which can enhance the understanding and the willto support development and cooperation. Tanzanian Cities and municipalities can possess unique competences that could play an important role as part of the Tanzania development cooperation. The very concept of municipal cooperation is based on the idea of sharing information and mutual learning through the South-South and North-South Cooperation. It is also important that in many Tanzania Cities and municipalities there are a number of links between individuals, friendship associations and organisations with developed and developing countries, which provides a good basis for starting a City/municipal institutional cooperation. Proposed way forward to meet sustainable Cities/Municipalities developmentCities, Cooperation and Development

14. Proposed way forward to meet sustainable developmentCity/municipaldevelopment strategy:Coordinated public sector spending Bulk of leverage and resources required from above (including parastatals and agencies) National Regional Municipal/City Bulk of effort and drive from below

15. Proposed way forward Develop City StrategicFrameworkBuilding blocks for integrated development and the Programmatic Framework for tackling environmental issues Inclusive City Municipality Productive City Municipality Safe City Municipality Well- governed City Municipality Sustainable City Municipality

16. “All Cities/Municipalities need to be planning ahead to ensure their future, in this rapidly changing global urban environment… Cities/Municipalities need to revisit and revitalise their processes for strategic planning, within a 15-20 year time frame, addressing their economic, social and environmental future… Cities /Municipalities that don’t do this will not be competitive in the new urban world” Traditional town planning methods are insufficient for dealing with new challenges City development strategies are appropriate planning responses to the new challenges, high levels of complexity and rapidly changing circumstances facing cities WAY FORWARDThe role of city development strategy in addressing environmental issues

17. WAY FORWARDCharacteristics of successful city /Municipalities development strategies • Long term vision resulting in short term action • Collective city vision • Focus on points of leverage for maximum impact • Mobilize resources across the city • Manageable and empowering • Targeted involvement of poor communities • Planning across boundaries and sectors • Coordinated public sector spending • Integrated city strategic framework • Comparative competitive advantage: provides unique identity for locality to establish niche within global networks • Tool for cross-sectoral integration and alignment Guide to decision-making and trade offs (nothing is of equal importance; needs to reflect tough choices) • Outcomes based city development indicators

18. STAKEHOLDERS IN CITY/MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE Regional Authorities national government City/municipal government utility companies government agencies traditional authorities local corporate sector international corporate sector individuals civil society informal business sector CBO’s households NGO’s associations

19. . Way forward PLANNING AND PRESERVATION ASPECTS • LEARNINGS • Knowledge and skills transfer on the planning system – decentralized approach – so some Cities/Municipalities in Africa that are just beginning to develop planning can start off with a strong system like Europe and China • The model of a 3-way partnership (national government, academics, people) allows expertise to be brought to all aspects of planning • How to communicate planning intents by the use of models and exhibition centre in Africa • Learning to take a local economic (tourism) approach to preservation and conservation so that local communities can derive benefit • Co-operation between countries on World Heritage Sites in Africa that will promote both natural and cultural areas of significance

20. CONCLUSIONSustainable Waste management and Environmental Conservation in City/Municipal Development should encompass…Equity; Economic; Social; Environmental; andCultural aspects and must be underpinned by… participatory decision making; Proper legal and institutional framework to implement it;Effective Local economic development; Capacity building for local governments ; andThe preservation of the natural and cultural heritage.

21. END THANKS