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Reproduction, Cell Division & Mitosis

Reproduction, Cell Division & Mitosis. Recap from yesterday…. What is the relationship between chromosomes, chromatids, genes, and alleles?. Why do cells reproduce?. Cells reproduce to help an organism grow, to repair damaged tissue, or to create offspring. How do cells reproduce?.

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Reproduction, Cell Division & Mitosis

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  1. Reproduction, Cell Division & Mitosis

  2. Recap from yesterday… • What is the relationship between chromosomes, chromatids, genes, and alleles?

  3. Why do cells reproduce? • Cells reproduce to help an organism grow, to repair damaged tissue, or to create offspring

  4. How do cells reproduce? • Method of reproduction depends on the intended purpose: • Mitosis – Produces daughter cells identical to parent • Used to grow and repair tissue, allows an organism to grow larger • Used by some species to reproduce. Offspring are exact copies (clones) of the parent (not parents)

  5. All forms of asexual reproduction rely on mitosis: -binary fission -budding -vegetative reproduction -spore formation -fragmentation

  6. 2) Meiosis– Produces new cells which are different from the parent cells • Used to create unique offspring

  7. Can cells reproduce forever? • Very specialized cells lose the ability to divide • Different types of cells have different life spans • Ie. skin cells 20 days, brain cells 40 years • Cells are preprogrammed with a finite number of divisions (~ 50 divisions)

  8. How do cells know when to divide? • Cells receive chemical messages from surrounding cells • Cells have specific genes that regulate how often the cell divides

  9. What happens when mitosis is unregulated? • Mutations in these regulatory regions of DNA can lead to “mitosis gone wild” which results cancerous growths

  10. Time to review cell division! • 2 processes: • Distribution of nuclear contents = mitosis • What are the 4 phases of mitosis? • Division of cytoplasm and organells = cytokinesis

  11. Four Mitotic Stages • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

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