Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Nigeria

1. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Nigeria

2. What do we mean by Sanitation? Environmental Sanitation Solid Waste Industrial waste Water Sanitation Hygiene Excreta Disposal Sewerage, Sullage, Strom Water Leachates from dump sites

3. Actual rate of progress compared to required rates for achieving MDG Sanitation Target Approximately 90 Million Nigerians lack improved sanitation

4. What is CLTS? • Focus on stopping open defecation. Safe excreta disposal – any technology will do. • No subsidy • Facilitation – Not education. • Relies on a ‘walk of shame’ as a trigger & peer pressure. • Sanitation is a collective responsibility.

5. Community Led

6. latrines & hand washing

7. WaterAid’s CLTS Experience in Nigeria • June 05 Study visits to Bangladesh • July 05 1st pilot CLTS projects • Late 05 CLTS written into National draft National Water Sanitation Policy • Feb 06 Reflection Days • Nov 06 Evaluation of First Pilot

8. WaterAid’s CLTS Experience in Nigeria • Jan 07 Expanded 2nd Pilot with UNICEF • Jan 07 Development of IEC materials • July 07 NTGS Evaluation of Second Pilot • August 07 CLTS in National Sanitation Scale up strategy

9. Nov 07 - CLTS in draft national implementation guideline for National Water Sanitation Policy/IYS Plan Nov-Dec 07 – Additional support for scale up of CLTS Feb- March 08 – National ToT of Facilitators towards national IYS target of 1m latrines in 08

10. Processes • Training of WASU, NGO and WANG members in CLTS - Training to WASCOMs and participatory process in community - Awareness raising amongst communities • Households supported to construct latrines, supported by community contributions • Increased and regular access to water • Community members have access to affordable sanitation material • WASUs and NGOs regularly monitor the progress towards CLTS

11. Processes (cont’d) Behaviour Changes - Regular cleaning of compound - No open defecation, children use potty • More frequent showering and washing clothes • Hand washing before after eating and defecation • Keeping animals confined to an area (in some cases) • Regular sweeping of compound

12. Evaluation of CLTS in Nigeria

13. Key Evaluation Questions • Is CLTS effective? a) How effective is CLTS when used as the only approach? b) How effective has CLTS been when implemented in places where other approaches have been used? c) How can CLTS be made more effective? • How efficient has CLTS approach been compared to other approaches? • Is there evidence of its ‘rootedness’, scaling up and sustainability? • Are there counterfactual arguments?

14. Results • No open defecation in compound • General health improvements • Reduced incidence of diarrhoea and vomiting • Reduced incidence of skin infections especially amongst children • Reduced body stench – easier to be next to each other • Clean and tidy environment • Girls’ and women’s dignity has increased • Less snake bites, Less flies • Improved water supply – no more fighting near water point • Community members feel empowered • Community members feel it is their own programme • “We can roll out the mat anywhere and lie down and be happy” • “Neighbouring communities want to be like us”

15. Is CLTS Effective? yes Yes yes Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

16. Where CLTS is used as the only approach • Initiative is better received • Initial trigger is more effective • Greater community ownership • Obvious differences before and after, enhance further change • Changes attributed to CLTS are much more significant

17. When there is no influence of subsidy • Subsidy communities do not own the project • Dependent – waiting to be provided • Negative influence by neighbouring subsidy communities • WASUs continuing to give subsidy • Inappropriate use of Sani Centre

18. In Communities that are not urbanized • The more urbanized the lesser the sense of community • Larger proportion of rented accommodation • More urban communities already have a larger number of latrines • Many other negative influences

19. When WASU has received the right training • Training on Participatory Approaches is important – eg. Vandeikiya training • Step down training without delay • Creating the community trigger • Support to communities

20. When there is regular monitoring • WASU and NGOs are empowered /supported to monitor regularly • WASU and NGO regular visiting communities • Record keeping is facilitated • Ensure records are kept

21. Where there is a reward • Water supply • The promise of an additional water supply • Visits by WESU • 100% CLTS board • A form of recognition of voluntary work – T-Shirts, Caps (only in Benue)

22. How can CLTS be made more Effective • Important first input - right type and level of training • Eliminating misconceptions at the outset • Selection of communities based on learning • Priority to self initiation • More regular monitoring

23. Things to consider • Mainstream gender throughout CLTS process • Define the necessary minimum CLTS package for the Nigerian context • Replication to new LGAs and States

24. Before … and After CLTS

25. Thank you