1 / 54

Using System Software

Using System Software. Chapter 5. Announcements. Chapter 5 Homework Windows 7 Homework. Objectives. System Software Categories of Operating Systems (OS) OS’s role in: Providing user interaction Managing the processor Managing memory Managing hardware

hachi
Download Presentation

Using System Software

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Using System Software Chapter 5

  2. Announcements • Chapter 5 Homework • Windows 7 Homework

  3. Objectives • System Software • Categories of Operating Systems (OS) • OS’s role in: • Providing user interaction • Managing the processor • Managing memory • Managing hardware • Interacting with application software • Starting the computer • Desktop & window features • OS’s role in keeping the desktop organized • Utility Programs

  4. System Software: The OS • Controls all computer functions: • Hardware, Processor, Memory, Peripherals • Manages how applications run on the CPU • Provides user interface such as desktop, icons, an menus

  5. System Software: Utilities • Utilities: Software that performs “housekeeping” tasks • Backup • Security • Diagnostics • Recovery • Optimization

  6. Operating System Categories • Four primary categories of operating systems: • Single-User, Single Task • MS-DOS • Single-User, Multi-Task • Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Linux • Multi-User (Network Operating System) • Microsoft Windows Server, Linux, Unix • Real-time (RTOS): Embedded System • Found in cars, instruments, tools

  7. Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: • Automobiles • Printers • VoIP phones • Medical devices • Appliances • Robotic equipment

  8. Multi-User Operating Systems • Known as “Network Operating Systems” • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems Include: • Linux • UNIX • Windows Server • IBM z/OS

  9. UNIX • Multi-User, Multi-Task operating system • Used primarily with mainframes • Also found in PCs • Vendors can modify the code • Hewlett-Packard HP/UX • Sun Solaris • IBM AIX

  10. Mainfames & Supercomputers • Other computers utilizing multi-user operating systems • Mainframes • Handle requests from hundreds and thousands of users simultaneously • Supercomputers • Used by scientists and engineers

  11. Smartphones • Do more than let the user make and answer phone calls • Have productivity features like web browsing, e-mail, multimedia, cameras, etc. • Example: Android, iPhone, Windows Phone, Blackberry

  12. Desktop Operating Systems • An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform • Microsoft Windows & Intel/AMD • Apple Mac OS & Motorola/Intel • Application software is OS specific, not platform specific

  13. Microsoft Windows • Multi-user, multi-tasking OS • Windows 8 is the newest version • Features • Increased functionality • User-friendliness • Improved Internet capabilities • Enhanced privacy and security

  14. Mac OS • First commercially available OS with point & click technology (GUI) • Graphical User Interface • Excellent in: • Graphics • Processing • System reliability • File backup • Based on Linux OS • Fewer applications available vs. Windows • Much more expensive (2x-4x)

  15. Linux • Open source operating system • Based on UNIX • Extremely stable • May be downloaded for free! • Can be modified by anyone to meet any need • Runs on PCs, phones, MP3 players, multimedia systems, servers, cars, etc..

  16. What the OS does • Provides a user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory and storage • Manages hardware and peripheral devices • Coordinates application software with the CPU

  17. The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the computer • Types of interfaces: • Command-line Interface • Menu-driven Interface • Graphical User Interface (GUI)

  18. Command Line Interface

  19. Menu Driven Interface

  20. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

  21. Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on • Multitasking • Interrupts • Interrupt Handler • Interrupt Table • Stack

  22. Multitasking • The OS controls the execution of instructions on the CPU • Decides when each application is allowed to run and for how long • Assigns each process a slice of time (time slice) and switches between each process rapidly (measured in milliseconds). • The ability to do multiple things at once (or appear to do so) is called Multitasking.

  23. Interrupts • Some functions of the computer must be handled immediately • Mouse • Keyboard • Audio • Printer • When an “Interrupt Request” is made by these devices, the CPU stops executing programs and takes care of the needs of the device

  24. Stack • Last In, First Out (LIFO) • Common sense analogy: A stack of paper • OSs and CPUs use stacks to remember how to get back to where it was after processing an interrupt • Stack Operations: • Peek: Take a look at what is on top of the stack without removing it • Pop: Remove and process the top item • Push: Place a new item on the stack

  25. OS Architecture • 32-bit Architecture • Each instruction is up to 32 bits long • Each location in memory is exactly 32 bits long • Can use up to 4GB of RAM • 64-bit Architecture • Each instruction is up to 64 bits long • Each location in memory is exactly 64 bits long • Can use up to 512GB of RAM • Correction to book: • Systems with more than 4GB of RAM feature a 64-bit version of Windows • Systems with more than 4GB of RAM must use a 64-bit operating system to make use of extra memory.

  26. Random Access Memory (RAM) • RAM has limited capacity • Running multiple programs at one time requires more RAM • Operating System consumes RAM • Windows Vista: 1.5GB • Windows 7: 1GB • Windows 8: 512MB (possible to use less)

  27. Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full • Swap file • Paging • Thrashing

  28. Hardware and Peripheral Device Management • Device drivers • Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices • Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug & Play • Hardware and software standard • Facilitates the installation of new hardware

  29. Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs) • Blocks of code contained in the OS • Coordinate the OS with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus • Example: • Microsoft DirectX • OpenGL

  30. Starting the Computer • The boot process • Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is activated • A Pre-Operating System Test (POST) checks attached hardware • The OS loads into RAM • Configuration and customization settings are checked

  31. Handling Errors in the Boot Process • Safe Mode • Windows does not boot properly • Try rebooting • Uninstall any new devices or software • Press F8 after the POST and before the Windows Logo appears. • Can be tricky, sometimes helps to press repeatedly until safe mode menu appears.

  32. The Windows 7 Desktop Desktop Start Menu Recycle Bin Documents Control Panel All Programs System Tray Task Bar Start Button

  33. The Windows 8 Start Screen Icons Switch to Desktop

  34. The Windows 8 Desktop Desktop Recycle Bin System Tray Task Bar

  35. The Mac iOS Start Screen Icons Task Bar

  36. The Mac iOS Desktop Desktop Apple Menu Application Menu System Tray Settings Task Bar Trash

  37. The Linux (Ubuntu) Desktop Desktop Application Menu System Tray Task Bar Trash

  38. Windows Control Box (Min, Max, Close) Title Bar Ribbon Zoom Document View

  39. Viewing Windows • Side by Side • Stacked • Cascading • Flip 3D • Snap

  40. File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents • Hierarchical structure of directories: • Drives • Folders • Subfolders • Files • Windows Libraries

  41. File Management Files & Folders Quick Links Libraries

  42. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Many views available • Large Icon view • Extra Large Icon view • Tiles view • Details view • List view • Small & Medium Icon views

  43. File Name Extensions

  44. Naming Files • The file extension determines which application will open the file by default • File name includes the name of the file plus an extension • Up to 255 characters • Names/Extensions ma not include the following characters: • “ / \ * ? < > | : • Mac* and Windows file names are not case sensitive • Linux file names are case sensitive and do not use extensions *It is possible to enable Mac file name case sensitivity.

  45. The File Path • Describes the location of the file

  46. Working with Files • File management actions • Open • Copy • Move • Rename • Delete • Recycle Bin / Trash

  47. Utility Programs • Small programs that perform special functions • Manage System Resources (Task Manager) • Create a pleasant environment (Explorer) • Improve Efficiency (Defragment)

  48. Display Utilities • Change the appearance of: • Desktop • Background • Screen Savers • Window Colors

  49. Add or Remove Programs • Installation Wizard • Uninstall Wizard • Programs should uninstalled, deleting can cause errors

  50. File Compression Utilities • Reduce the size of a file • Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet • Work by replacing repeating segments with a short placeholder.

More Related