Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

1. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Organic compounds contain carbon atoms, which bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks to form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

2. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Do now: Define: • Molecular formula- • Structural formula- • Condensed formula-

3. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? Allotrope- forms of a an element differing in either bonding or structure; [remember diamond (network solid) and graphite?] • Variety of carbon containing compounds with diverse properties: • Strong bonds between carbon • Low reactivity • Geometry

4. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? • Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and plastics. • Alkane-hydrocarbon with only single bonds • Isomers-compounds with the same number and types of atoms but differing geometric arrangements.

5. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? • Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. • Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond. • In a multiple covalent bond, more than one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. Unsaturated organic compounds contain at least one double or triple bond.

6. Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? • Organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halides, amines, amides, and amino acids are categories of organic compounds that differ in their structures. • Functional groups impart distinctive physical and chemical properties to organic compounds. • Isomers of organic compounds have the same molecular formula, but different structures and properties.

7. Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? Halides- When a halogen replaces a hydrogen. Alcohol- When and –OH group (hydroxyl) replaces a hydrogen. • Primary-OH at end of chain; • Secondary-OH attached to secondary carbon; • Tertiary-OH attached to tertiary carbon. Also there are dihydroxy and trihydroxy alcohols.

8. Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? • Aldehyde-When oxygen atom attached to end carbon by a double bond (-C=O) -ends in “al” formaldehyde is a preservative. • Ketone-when carbonyl group (-C=O) is on interior carbon atom; –ends in “one”; Quite polar so used as solvents • Ether-two carbon chains bonded together between two carbon atoms.

9. Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? • Organic acids- have –COOH (carboxyl group); ends in “oic acid” Weak electrolytes. • Esters- product of reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol. Strong fragrant odors ; associate with pineapples, bananas, wintergreen and oranges.

10. Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups? • Amines-derivative of ammonia; ends in amine. • Amino acids- have -COOH AND Nitrogen. • Amide- product of condenstion reaction between two amino acids. Contain Nitrogen.

11. Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn? • Explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them. • identify organic reactions.