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Other Organic Compounds

Other Organic Compounds. Hydrocarbon derivatives are organic molecules that contain one or more elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon derivatives that contain elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen.

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Other Organic Compounds

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  1. Other Organic Compounds

  2. Hydrocarbon derivatives are organic molecules that contain one or more elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen.

  3. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon derivatives that contain elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen.

  4. In developing a general formula for types of organic compounds, the symbol R is used.

  5. R represents a hydrocarbon fragment. Example: methyl group

  6. The symbol R is from the Germanradikal.

  7. A second R group is called R and a third R group is called R.

  8. Alcohols

  9. Alcohols have the general formula ROH.

  10. In the case of alcohols, the hydroxyl group, OH1 is a substituent on a hydrocarbon.

  11. Alcohols are named by replacing the e on the end of the parent hydrocarbon with ol.

  12. Numbering may be necessary. The hydroxyl group is to be on the lowest number carbon.

  13. Example:CH3OHis methanol because the R group comes from methane.

  14. ethanol CH3CH2OH

  15. 1-propanol CH3CH2CH2OH

  16. 2-propanol CH3CHCH3 OH

  17. CH3CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH2Br OH 6-bromo-2-methyl-2-hexanol

  18. Ethers

  19. An ether is an organic compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are joined to an oxygen.

  20. The general formula for an ether is ROR

  21. It is named with oxy in between the R group names.

  22. CH3OCH2CH3is named methoxyethane

  23. methoxymethane CH3OCH3

  24. ethoxyethane CH3CH2OCH2CH3

  25. Ethoxyethane (commonly called diethyl ether) was once the ether most widely used as an anesthetic in surgery.

  26. Aldehydes

  27. The carbonyl group is C=O.

  28. An aldehyde is an organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen.

  29. The general formula of an aldehyde is O║R C H

  30. Aldehydes are named with the suffix al instead of the usual hydrocarbon ending.

  31. The aldehyde carbon is always assigned as number one for referencing substituent positions in the name. Therefore, numbering is not necessary.

  32. The name of the parent chain includes the carbon in the aldehyde.

  33. CH3CH2CHOis propanal.

  34. ethanal CH3CHO

  35. butanal CH3CH2CH2CHO

  36. Ketones

  37. A ketone is an organic compound containing the carbonyl group.

  38. The general formula of a ketone is O║ R C R

  39. Ketones are named with the final e being replaced by one and a number indicates the position of the carbonyl group where necessary.

  40. The name of the parent chain includes the carbon in the ketone.

  41. CH3COCH2CH3is called 2-butanone.

  42. propanone CH3COCH3

  43. 2-pentanone CH3COCH2CH2CH3

  44. Carboxylic Acids

  45. A carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing the carboxyl group.

  46. A carboxylic acid has the general formulaRCOOH.

  47. O║ R C  OH

  48. Carboxylic acids are named by changing the suffix of the parent hydrocarbon to oic acid.

  49. The carbons are numbered so the carbon in the carboxyl group is the number one carbon.

  50. CH3COOH is ethanoic acid.

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