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ESP

ESP. Common abbreviations. EFL – English as a Foreign Language ESP – English for Specific Purposes (f. e. Business English) EAP – English for Academic Purposes ELP – English for Legal Purposes ESW – English for Social Work. The teaching of ESP.

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ESP

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  1. ESP

  2. Common abbreviations • EFL – English as a Foreign Language • ESP – English for Specific Purposes (f. e. Business English) • EAP – English for Academic Purposes • ELP – English for Legal Purposes • ESW – English for Social Work

  3. The teaching of ESP • A separate activity within English Language Teaching (ELT) • ESP must be taught by studying a content-based subject – knowledge of the language becomes the means of learning content (CLIL)

  4. A definition of ESP (Strevens) • ESP is designed to meet specific needs of the learner • Related in content (themes and topics) to particular disciplines or occupations • Centred on language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis, discourse and so on • In contrast with ‘General English’

  5. Key stages in ESP • Needs analysis • Course design • Materials selection • Teaching and learning • Evaluation

  6. Language issues in ESP • Grammar • Vocabulary (technical, semi-technical) • Discourse analysis

  7. ELP

  8. Difficulties in ELP 1. Polysemy 2. Phrases 3. Foreign and archaic words 4. Doubles and triplets 5. Technical vocabulary

  9. Polysemy • Words that have several meanings; one meaning in ordinary English and another meaning as a legal term • The importance of the context (everyday language v. language for legal purposes) • Examples: common, act, consideration, tender, redemption etc.

  10. Phrases • Collocations - examples • rescind a contract – raskinuti ugovor • sham marriage – lažni brak • valid reason – utemeljeni razlog • voidable contract – pobojan ugovor • wrongful death – smrt treće osobe

  11. Foreign and archaic words • Words of Scandinavian, Latin and French origin • Archaic terms

  12. Latin terms • Ab ovo – from the beginning • Affidavit – witnessed&signed statement • Bona fide – in good faith • De facto (in fact) and de jure (by right) • Et cetera (etc.) – and so on • Exempli gratia (e. g.) – for example • Id est (i.e.) – that is • Inter alia – among other things

  13. French terms • Acquis communitaire • Voir dire (speak the truth) – jury selection, preliminary questioning of witnesses • Parley – negotiations (cf. Parliament) • Chattel(s) • Executor

  14. Archaic terms • Aforementioned – set out above • Hereafter – after this • Hereby – in this way • Herein – in this (document) • Notwithstanding – despite • Thereafter – after that • Thereby – in that way • Therein – in that (document) • Therewith – with that

  15. Doubles and triplets • To have and to hold – to own • Any and all – all • Last will and testament • Null and void • Full and complete • Ready, willing and able

  16. Technical vocabulary • Legal terms – examples • Tort • Alternative dispute resolution • Remedies • Trafficking • Money laundering

  17. Similar notions • Contract v. agreement • Probation v. parole • Evidence v. proof • Common law v. case law • Barrister, solicitor, lawyer, attorney, counsel, litigator - odvjetnik

  18. Characteristics of legal texts • Long and complex sentences • The passive • Impersonal style – avoiding personal pronouns • Legal “shall” – imposing an obligation or duty on someone • Technical vocabulary • Archaic and foreign words • Repetition of words

  19. Example • Rewrite the following passage: “ The statement for professional services that you will find enclosed herewith is, in all likelihood, somewhat in excess of your expectations. In the circumstances, I believe it is incumbent upon me to avail myself of this opportunity to provide you with an explanation of the causes therefor. It is my considered judgment that three factors are responsible for this development.” (Source: R. Wydick, Plain English for Lawyers, p. 57)

  20. Plain English formulation • The bill I am sending you with this letter is probably higher than you expected, and I would like to explain three reasons why.

  21. Thank you for your attention!

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