Exotics & Avian Quiz

1. Exotics & Avian Quiz Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

2. Exotics and Avian Quiz START! Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

3. Small Furries Guinea Pig Q1 Rat Q2 Hamster Q3 Ferret Q4 Rabbit Q5 Exotics Chelonia Q6 (Tortoises/Turtles) Lizards Q7 Snakes Q8 Fish & Amphibians Fish Q9 Amphibians Q10 Birds Avian Q11 Avian Q12 Avian Q13

4. Guinea Pig Q1 • (i) Do you know how many digits the Guinea Pig has on its forelimb compared with its hindlimb? • Answer. • (ii) Which is the biggest bone in the skull in a Guinea Pig? • Answer. • (iii) Does the Guinea Pig have Clavicles? Which of the domestic species is this similar to? • Answer. • (iv) How many teeth does a Guinea Pig have? • Answer.

5. Answer • The Guinea Pig has 4 digits on its forelimb. • The 1st digit is missing. • There are only 3 digits on the hindlimb. • The 1st and 5th digits are missing. • Guinea Pigs are defined as Plantigrade. • They place their whole foot on the ground and have well defined foot pads. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

6. Answer • The Mandible is the biggest bone in the skull of a Guinea Pig. • Other notable points about the skull: • Large Tympanic Bullae • Prominent Zygomatic Arch • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

7. Answer • Yes! The Guinea Pig does have Clavicles • This makes it similar to the cat which may have remnants of Clavicles. • Try (iv)! • Choose a new question.

8. Answer • The Guinea Pig has 20 teeth. • The dental formula of a Guinea Pig is: 1-0-1-3 1-0-1-3 • Try Rat Q2! • Choose a new Question.

9. The Rat Q2 • (i) Is the Rat in the x-rays a male or female? • Answer. • (ii) Do you know how many teeth a Rat has? • Anwser. • (iii) How many ribs does a Rat have? • Answer.

10. Answer Testes • The Rat in this x-ray is male. • In the Rat the Inguinal Canal is permanently open so the Testes may have a Scrotal or Inguinal position. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

11. Answer • A Rat has 16 teeth. • The dental formula: 1-0-0-3 1-0-0-3 • The Rat only has one set of teeth in a lifetime – Monophydont. • The main muscle of mastication in the Rat is the Masseter. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

12. Answer • The Rat has 13 pairs of ribs. • This is the same as the Dog! • Try Hamster Q3! • Choose a new question.

13. Hamster Q3 • (i) Do you know how many digits there are in the forelimb compared with the hindlimb? • Answer. • (ii) How many teeth does a Hamster have? • Answer.

14. Answer • Hamsters have 4 digits on their forelimbs and 5 digits on their hindlimbs. • Did you know the footpads are covered in fur in the Russian Hamster! • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

15. Answer • A Hamster has 16 teeth. • Dental formula: 1-0-0-3 1-0-0-3 • This is like in the Rat. • Hamsters have open-rooted incisors (continually erupt) and closed-rooted molars (erupt and stop). • Try Ferret Q4! • Choose a new question.

16. Ferret Q4 • (i) How many ribs does a ferret have? • Answer. • (ii) How many sets of teeth does a ferret have in a lifetime? • Answer. • (iii) How many teeth does a ferret have at 16 weeks old? • Answer. • (iv) Is the ferret in this x-ray male or female? • Answer.

17. Answer • A Ferret has 15 ribs! • This is more than a Dog, which has 13 ribs. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

18. Answer • A Ferret has two sets of teeth in a lifetime – Diphydont. • The deciduous formula: 3/4-1-3-0 3-1-3-0 • The permanent formula: 3-1-3-1 3-1-3-2 • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

19. Answer • A ferret has 34 teeth at 16 weeks old. • The permanent dentition comes in at around 7-10 weeks old. 3-1-3-1 3-1-3-2 • Try (iv)! • Choose a new question.

20. Answer Os Penis • The ferret in this x-ray is Male. • The Os Penis is visible clearly in the x-ray. Note the curved tip – this makes placing a catheter quite tricky! • Try Rabbit Q5 • Choose a new question.

21. Rabbit Q5 • (i) How many teeth does a Rabbit have? • Answer. • (ii) How many digits do Rabbits have on their forelimbs compared to hindlimbs? • Answer. • (iii) If a Rabbit is held incorrectly, where on the spine, is the fracture likely to be? • Answer.

22. Answer • A Rabbit has 28 teeth. • Dental Formula: 2-0-3-3 1-0-2-3 • Rabbits teeth grow continuously at a rate of 2mm/week! • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

23. Answer • Rabbits have 5 digits on their forelimbs and 4 digits on their hindlimbs. • They are plantigrade (walk with whole foot on ground) or digitigrade (walk on toes, rest of foot raised). • There are no footpads on the palmar aspect of the foot, just coarse hair. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

24. Answer • The fracture is likely to be in the Lumbar spine. Specifically L6-7. • The Skeletal system of the Rabbit is weak compared to the stronger muscular system. • If held incorrectly, rabbits kick out with their muscular hindlimbs, fracturing their spine. • Try Chelonia Q6! • Choose a new question.

25. Chelonia Q6 • (i) Why are the bony structures of the skeletal system not visible in these x-rays? • Answer. • (ii) What is marked on the top x-ray? • Answer. • (iii) What are the ‘girdles’ found in the skeletal system of tortoises? • Answer.

26. Answer • The bony structures of the skeleton are not visible due to the shell. • The shell is made up of the Carapace & Plastron. • The Carapace & Plastron are made up of Scutes. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

27. Answer • The area marked on the x-ray shows one of the lungs. • The lungs occupy the dorsal half of the body cavity. • There is no diaphragm in these species. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

28. Answer • Limb Girdles • These are found inside the ribs. • They strengthen the shell. • Pectoral Girdle • Made up of the Epiplastron, Entoplastron and Scapula. • There is some fusion to the Carapace. • Pelvic Girdle • Made up of the Ileum, Ischium and Pubic Pelvic Bones. • There is some fusion to the Carapace. • Try Lizards Q7! • Choose a new question.

29. Lizards Q7 Bearded Dragon • (i) From the x-ray of the Bearded Dragon, what can you tell about the ribs? • Answer. • (ii) How many teeth does an Iguana have – can you tell from an x-ray? • Answer. Iguana

30. Answer • Lizards have flexible spines. • They have ribs on all vertebraeexcept the cervical vertebrae. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

31. Answer • An Iguana has 80-120 teeth! • You wouldn’t be able to see these on an x-ray as they are small, conical structures. • They are replaced repeatedly – up to 5 times a year! • Try Snakes Q8! • Choose a new question.

32. Snakes Q8 Great Plains Garter Snake • (i) What do you know about snake’s jaws? • Answer. • (ii) Can you see what is going on in the x-ray of the Indian Python? • Hint: It is showing part of the Reproductive system. • Answer. Indian Python

33. Answer • Snakes have a Kinetic Skull. • They have no middle ear cavity, no mandibular symphysis and independent movement of the upper and lower jaws. • This is what allows them to eat extraordinarily large prey! • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

34. Answer • This is a male Indian Python. • There is a catheter in one of the paired hemipenes. • Try Fish Q9! • Choose a new question.

35. Fish Q9 A • What is A? • Stomach • Intestine • Swim Bladder

36.  Correct  • Yes! A is the Swim Bladder! • It appears black as it is full of gas for gaseous exchange. • It is not present in all fish. • Try Amphibians Q10! • Choose a new question.

37.  Incorrect  • No, A is not the Intestine. • The Intestine is not usually visible on an x-ray as it is a soft tissue structure. • Try again! • Choose a new question.

38.  Incorrect  • No, A is not the Stomach. • The Stomach is not normally visible on x-rays as it is a soft tissue structure. • Try again! • Choose a new question.

39. Amphibian Q10 • Do amphibians have ribs? • Answer. • What is the name of bone A? • Answer. • What is Structure B? • Answer. A B

40. Answer • No, Amphibians don’t have ribs. • Adult amphibians have simple paired lungs. The larvae have gills. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question.

41. Answer • Bone A is the Tibiofibula. • The tibia and fibula are fused. As are the radius and ulna in the forelimb. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question.

42. Answer • Structure B is the Pelvic Girdle. • The Pelvic Girdle provides a single focal point for force distribution during jumping. • Try Avian Q11! • Choose a new question.

43. Avian Q11 • (i) What is A? • Answer. • (ii) What is B? • Answer. • (iii) What is C? • Answer. C A B

44. Answer • A is the Fused Mandible. • The teeth in birds are replaced by the bill. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Fused Mandible

45. Answer • B is the Hyoid Apparatus. • The development of the hyoid apparatus depends on the activity of the tongue. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Hyoid Apparatus

46. Answer • C is the Nasal Aperture. • The Nasal Aperture is found in the Maxillary Rhamphotheca. • Try Avian Q12! • Choose a new question. Nasal Aperture

47. Avian Q12 • (i) What is A? • Answer. • (ii) What is B? • Answer. • (iii) What is C? • Answer. B A C

48. Answer • A is the Clavicle. • The clavicles unite medially as the Furcula. • Try (ii)! • Choose a new question. Clavicle

49. Answer • B is the Coracoid. • The Coracoids join the sternum to the scapula. • Try (iii)! • Choose a new question. Coracoid

50. Answer • C is the Humerus. • The head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula. • Try Avian Q13! • Choose a new question. Humerus